Cho x > 0 ,y > 0 , z > 0:
Chứng minh rằng: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}< \dfrac{1}{xyz}\)
Với x2+y2+z2=\(\dfrac{5}{3}\)
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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
$A\geq \frac{9}{x+2+y+2+z+2}=\frac{9}{x+y+z+6}$
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(x^2+y^2+z^2)(1+1+1)\geq (x+y+z)^2$
$\Rightarrow 9\geq (x+y+z)^2\Rightarrow x+y+z\leq 3$
$\Rightarrow A\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z+6}\geq \frac{9}{3+6}=1$
Vậy $A_{\min}=1$. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=1$
Có: \(a+b+c=1\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}=\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2\) (do \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2=1\))
Lời giải:
$\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0$
$\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=0$
Khi đó:
$x^2+y^2+z^2=(x+y+z)^2-2(xy+yz+xz)=5^2-2.0=25$
Ta có:
\(VT=2+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\ge\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{x}{y}+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}\)
Tương tự ...
Cộng lại ta có:
\(2\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)+6\ge3\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}}\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}}\ge\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x}{y}}-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x}{z}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y}{x}}-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y}{z}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z}{x}}-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z}{y}}\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\right)=\dfrac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge\dfrac{3}{xyz}\)
\(x+y+z=\dfrac{x+y+z}{3}+\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{3}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{3}{xyz}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}\right)+\dfrac{2}{xyz}=\dfrac{3}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{2}{xyz}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(dấu"="xảy\) \(ra\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=a\\\dfrac{1}{y}=b\\\dfrac{1}{z}=c\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\dfrac{\Rightarrow1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=a+b+c=0\)
cơ bản \(\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow x.y.z\left(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)=\dfrac{1}{abc}.\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left(3abc\right)=3=>dpcm\Leftrightarrow dccm\)