Cho các số thực dương a,b,c thay đổi thỏa mãn: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=3\)
CMR: \(\frac{x}{3-yz}+\frac{y}{3-xz}+\frac{z}{3-xy}\le \frac{3}{2}\)
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\(3=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz\le1\)
\(\sqrt[3]{x^2}+\sqrt[3]{y^2}+\sqrt[3]{z^2}\le\frac{x^2+1+1}{3}+\frac{y^2+1+1}{3}+\frac{z^2+1+1}{3}=3\)
Ta co:
\(A=\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{xz}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}=\frac{x\sqrt[3]{x}}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}+\frac{y\sqrt[3]{y}}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}+\frac{z\sqrt[3]{z}}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
\(\ge x\sqrt[3]{x}+y\sqrt[3]{y}+z\sqrt[3]{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A\ge3\left(x\sqrt[3]{x}+y\sqrt[3]{y}+z\sqrt[3]{z}\right)\ge\left(x\sqrt[3]{x}+y\sqrt[3]{y}+z\sqrt[3]{z}\right)\left(\sqrt[3]{x^2}+\sqrt[3]{y^2}+\sqrt[3]{z^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge xy+yz+zx\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - Schwarz, ta có: \(3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\le\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=3=x^2+y^2+z^2\)(Do \(x^2+y^2+z^2=3\))
Ta có: \(\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{zx}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz.1}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{zx.1}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy.1}}\)
\(\ge\frac{x}{\frac{y+z+1}{3}}+\frac{y}{\frac{z+x+1}{3}}+\frac{z}{\frac{x+y+1}{3}}\)\(=\frac{3x}{y+z+1}+\frac{3y}{z+x+1}+\frac{3z}{x+y+1}\)
\(=\frac{3x^2}{xy+zx+x}+\frac{3y^2}{yz+xy+y}+\frac{3z^2}{zx+yz+z}\)\(\ge\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+\left(x+y+z\right)}\)(Theo BĐT Cauchy - Schwarz dạng Engle)
\(\ge\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=3=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(\ge xy+yz+zx\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
a/ Nhân cả tử và mẫu của từng phân số với liên hợp của nó và rút gọn:
\(VT=\sqrt{a+3}-\sqrt{a+2}+\sqrt{a+2}-\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{a+1}-\sqrt{a}\)
\(=\sqrt{a+3}-\sqrt{a}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{a+3}+\sqrt{a}}\)
b/ \(VT=\frac{x}{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}+\frac{y}{y\left(x+y+z\right)+zx}+\frac{z}{z\left(x+y+z\right)+xy}\)
\(=\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\) (1)
Mặt khác ta có: \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
Thật vậy, \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)+xyz\)
Mà \(xyz\le\frac{1}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\) (theo AM-GM)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\le\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\) (đpcm)
Thay vào (1) \(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{9}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
vì có 1 chút nhầm lẫn nên giờ mk mới ra mong bạn thứ lỗi
bài 1
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4a^4}{2a^3+2a^2b^2}+\frac{4b^4}{2b^3+2c^2b^2}+\frac{4c^4}{2c^3+2a^2c^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\right)^2}{2a^3+2b^3+2c^3+2a^2b^2+2c^2b^2+2a^2c^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{36}{a^4+a^2+b^4+b^2+c^4+c^2+2a^2b^2+2c^2b^2+2a^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{36}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2+a^2+b^2+c^2}=3\ge a+b+c\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 2 là chuyên Bình Thuận, 2016-2017
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy – Schwarz, ta có:
\(\frac{xy}{x^2+yz+zx}\le\frac{xy\left(y^2+yz+zx\right)}{\left(x^2+yz+zx\right)\left(y^2+yz+zx\right)}\le\frac{xy\left(y^2+yz+zx\right)}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{yz}{y^2+zx+xy}\le\frac{xy\left(z^2+zx+xy\right)}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}\);\(\frac{zx}{z^2+xy+yz}\le\frac{zx\left(x^2+xy+yz\right)}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}\)
Cộng từng vế của 3 BĐT trên. ta được:
\(VT\le\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{xy+yz+zx}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z
\(\frac{x}{3-yz}+\frac{y}{3-zx}+\frac{z}{3-xy}\le\frac{x}{3-\frac{y^2+z^2}{2}}+\frac{y}{3-\frac{z^2+x^2}{2}}+\frac{z}{3-\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2x}{3+x^2}+\frac{2y}{3+y^2}+\frac{2z}{3+z^2}\le\frac{2x}{4\sqrt[4]{x^2}}+\frac{2y}{4\sqrt[4]{y^2}}+\frac{2z}{4\sqrt[4]{z^2}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{y}}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{z}}{2}\le\frac{x^2+3}{8}+\frac{y^2+3}{8}+\frac{z^2+3}{8}\)
\(=\frac{3}{8}+\frac{9}{8}=\frac{3}{2}\)
cách khác: cũng đến chỗ <= sigma 2x/3+x^2
<= 2x/2(x+1) (do x^2+3=x^2+1+2>=2x+2) <= sigma x/x+1 = 3- sigma (1/x+1)
sigma 1/x+1 >= 9/x+y+z+3 dễ rồi
\(\frac{x^2}{y+1}+\frac{y+1}{4}\ge x;\frac{y^2}{z+1}+\frac{z+1}{4}\ge y;\frac{z^2}{x+1}+\frac{x+1}{4}\ge z\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}.2=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(VT=\sum\frac{x^2}{x^4+yz}\le\sum\frac{x^2}{2x^2\sqrt{yz}}=\frac{1}{2}\sum\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}\le\frac{1}{4}\sum\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}\right)\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{xyz}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
thay 2016=xy+yz+xz vào các mẫu
dùng Cô-Si đảo vào từng phân số
sẽ dễ dàng chứng minh đc :D
Ta có: \(\frac{x^2}{x^4+yz}\le\frac{x^2}{2\sqrt{x^4.yz}}=\frac{x^2}{2x^2\sqrt{yz}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{yz}}\)(BĐt cosi) (1)
CMTT: \(\frac{y^2}{y^4+xz}\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{xz}}\) (2)
\(\frac{z^2}{z^4+xy}\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{xy}}\)(3)
Từ (1); (2) và (3) =>A = \(\frac{x^2}{x^4+yz}+\frac{y^2}{y^4+xz}+\frac{z^2}{z^4+xy}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt \(ab+bc+ac\le a^2+b^2+c^2\)
cmt đúng: <=> \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Khi đó: A \(\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{xyz}=\frac{3xyz}{2xyz}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Sửa: \(x^2+y^2+z^2=3\)
Ta có: \(f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{x}{3-yz}\le\dfrac{2x}{6-\left(y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{2x}{x^2+3}\)
\(\Rightarrow f''\left(x\right)=\dfrac{4x\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)^3}< 0\forall x\le3\) là hàm lõm
Áp dụng BĐT Jensen ta có:
\(f\left(a\right)+f\left(b\right)+f\left(c\right)\le3f\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)\le3f\left(1\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)