1) a) Hoa tan 12,5 gam tinh the CuSO4. 5H2O trong nuoc thanh 200ml dd. Tinh nong do mol cac ion trong dd thu duoc
b) Hoa tan 8,08 gam Fe(NO3)3.9H2O trong nuoc thanh 500 ml dd. Tinh nong do mol cac ion trong dd thu duoc
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1.
Theo đề bài ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}nAl=\dfrac{0,54}{27}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\nH2SO4=\dfrac{120.4,9}{100.98}=0,06\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH :
\(2Al+3H2SO4->Al2\left(So4\right)3+3H2\uparrow\)
0,02mol...0,03mol.......0,01mol.............0,03mol
Theo PTHH ta có : nAl = \(\dfrac{0,02}{2}mol< nH2SO4=\dfrac{0,06}{2}mol=>nH2SO4\left(dư\right)\) ( tính theo nal)
=> VH2(đktc) = 0,03.22,4 = 6,72(l)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%ddH2SO4\left(dư\right)=\dfrac{\left(0,06-0,03\right).98}{0,54+120-0,03.2}.100\%\approx2,44\%\\C\%ddAl2\left(SO4\right)3=\dfrac{0,01.302}{0,54+120-0,03.2}.100\%\approx2,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo đề bài ta có : nNa2O = \(\dfrac{15,5}{62}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
a) PTHH :
\(Na2O+H2O->2NaOH\)
0,25mol....0,25mol.....0,5mol
b) Nồng độ mol dd A là :
CMddNaOH = 0,5/0,5 = 1(M)
c) PTHH :
\(2NaOH+H2SO4->Na2SO4+H2O\)
0,5mol.........0,25mol
=> mddH2SO4 = \(\dfrac{0,25.98}{20}.100=122,5\left(g\right)=>VddH2SO4=\dfrac{122,5}{1,14}\approx107,5\left(ml\right)\)
\(a.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{20}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Na^+\right]=\left[OH^-\right]=\left[NaOH\right]=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1\left(M\right)\\ b.HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\\ n_{HCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
\(a.n_{NaOH}=1.0,15=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{KOH}=0,5.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Na^+\right]=\left[NaOH\right]=\dfrac{0,15}{0,15+0,1}=0,6\left(M\right)\\ \left[K^+\right]=\left[KOH\right]=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1+0,15}=0,2\left(M\right)\\ \left[OH^-\right]=0,2+0,6=0,8\left(M\right)\\ b.2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ 2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(n_{KOH}+n_{NaOH}\right)=\dfrac{0,15+0,05}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a=C_{MddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=n_{HNO_3}=V\)mol
\(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}=0,5.0,2=0,1\) mol
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,1<--0,1
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=V=0,1\)lít = 100 ml
\(NaOH+HNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+H_2O\)
0,1 -----> 0,1 ---------->0,1
\(NaNO_3\rightarrow Na^++NO_3^-\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[Na^+\right]=\left[NO_3^-\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1+0,2}=0,33M\)
\(a.n_{HCl}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \left[HCl\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1+0,1}=0,5\left(M\right)\\ \left[H_2SO_4\right]=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1+0,1}=0,25\left(M\right)\\ \left[H^+\right]=0,5+0,25.2=1\left(M\right)\\ \left[SO^{2-}_4\right]=\left[H_2SO_4\right]=0,25\left(M\right)\\ \left[Cl^-\right]=\left[HCl\right]=0,5\left(M\right)\)
\(b.BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\\ n_{BaSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ m_{\downarrow}=m_{BaSO_4}=233.0,05=11,65\left(g\right)\)
\(a)n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05\cdot0,2\cdot2=0,02mol\\ pH=1\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=0,1M\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,1\cdot0,3=0,03mol\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}+n_{HCl}=0,02+0,03=0,05mol\\ \Rightarrow C_M=\dfrac{0,05}{0,5}=0,1M\Rightarrow pH=1\)