Cho x,y \(\ne\)0. Chứng minh rằng: \(\dfrac{4x^2y^2}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}+\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}\ge3\)
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Đề bài sai, đề đúng thì phân thức đằng sau dấu chia phải là:
\(\dfrac{4x^4+4x^2y+y^2-4}{x^2+y+xy+x}\)
Note \(\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2=\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}+2\)
Nên ta sẽ đặt \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}=t\ge2\). Khi đó
\(\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2+2\ge3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(t^2+2\ge3t\Leftrightarrow\left(t-2\right)\left(t-1\right)\ge0\)
BĐT cuối đúng vì \(t\ge 2\)
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2}{x^2y^2}\ge\dfrac{3\left(x-y\right)^2}{xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left[\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\right]^2}{x^2y^2}-\dfrac{3\left(x-y\right)^2}{xy}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{x^2y^2}-\dfrac{3}{xy}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-3xy}{x^2y^2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(\dfrac{x^2+y^2-xy}{x^2y^2}\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Điều kiện là \(xy\ne0\)
BĐT tương đương:
\(\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2-3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)\left(x-y\right)^2}{x^2y^2}\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
a)
\(\frac{x^2-16}{4x-x^2}=\frac{x^2-4^2}{x(4-x)}=\frac{(x-4)(x+4)}{x(4-x)}=\frac{x+4}{-x}\)
b) \(\frac{x^2+4x+3}{2x+6}=\frac{x^2+x+3x+3}{2(x+3)}=\frac{x(x+1)+3(x+1)}{2(x+3)}=\frac{(x+1)(x+3)}{2(x+3)}=\frac{x+1}{2}\)
c)
\(\frac{15x(x+y)^3}{5y(x+y)^2}=\frac{5.3.x(x+y)^2.(x+y)}{5y(x+y)^2}=\frac{3x(x+y)}{y}\)
d) \(\frac{5(x-y)-3(y-x)}{10(x-y)}=\frac{5(x-y)+3(x-y)}{10(x-y)}=\frac{8(x-y)}{10(x-y)}=\frac{8}{10}=\frac{4}{5}\)
e) \(\frac{2x+2y+5x+5y}{2x+2y-5x-5y}=\frac{7x+7y}{-3x-3y}=\frac{7(x+y)}{-3(x+y)}=\frac{-7}{3}\)
f) \(\frac{x^2-xy}{3xy-3y^2}=\frac{x(x-y)}{3y(x-y)}=\frac{x}{3y}\)
g) \(\frac{2ax^2-4ax+2a}{5b-5bx^2}=\frac{2a(x^2-2x+1)}{5b(1-x^2)}=\frac{2a(x-1)^2}{5b(1-x)(1+x)}\)
\(=\frac{2a(x-1)}{5b(-1)(x+1)}=\frac{2a(1-x)}{5b(x+1)}\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{4x^2y^2}{(x^2+y^2)^2}+\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}\geq 3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{4x^2y^2}{(x^2+y^2)^2}-1+\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}-2\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{4x^2y^2-(x^2+y^2)^2}{(x^2+y^2)^2}+\left(\frac{x}{y}-\frac{y}{x}\right)^2\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{-(x^2-y^2)^2}{(x^2+y^2)^2}+\frac{(x^2-y^2)^2}{x^2y^2}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2-y^2)^2\left(\frac{1}{x^2y^2}-\frac{1}{(x^2+y^2)^2}\right)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(x^2-y^2)^2(x^4+y^4+x^2y^2)}{x^2y^2(x^2+y^2)^2}\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y$
\(A=\dfrac{4x^2y^2}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}+\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}\)
x,y khác 0
<=>\(A=\dfrac{4}{\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}+\left(\dfrac{x}{y}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2\)
\(A+2=\dfrac{4}{\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}+\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2=m\)
\(\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2=t;t\ge4\)
\(m=\dfrac{4}{t}+t\Leftrightarrow t^2-mt+4=0\)
f(t) có nghiệm t>= 4<=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m^2-16\ge0\\\dfrac{m+\sqrt{m^2-16}}{2}\ge4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|m\right|\ge4\\m^2-16\ge m^2-16m+64\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|m\right|\ge4\\m\ge5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow A+2\ge5;A\ge3=>dpcm\)