c) 3a.4b2-0,8b.4b2-2ab.3b+b.3b2-1
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1: \(a^2-4b^2-2a-4b\)
\(=\left(a-2b\right)\left(a+2b\right)-2\left(a+2b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+2b\right)\left(a-2b-2\right)\)
2: \(x^3+2x^2-2x-1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+2x\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+3x+1\right)\)
Đặt \(P=a+b+c\)
\(P^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left(1.a+\dfrac{1}{2}.2b+\dfrac{1}{3}.3c\right)^2\le\left(1^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2\right)\left(a^2+4b^2+9c^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2\le\dfrac{49}{36}\left(a^2+4b^2+9c^2\right)=\dfrac{49}{36}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\dfrac{7}{6}\le P\le\dfrac{7}{6}\)
\(P_{min}=-\dfrac{7}{6}\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(-\dfrac{6}{7};-\dfrac{3}{14};-\dfrac{2}{21}\right)\)
\(P_{max}=\dfrac{7}{6}\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{6}{7};\dfrac{3}{14};\dfrac{2}{21}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)^2+b^2+2b\left(a+c\right)+\left(a+c\right)^2+b^2-2b\left(a+c\right)>4b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)^2>b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+c>b\) (luôn đúng theo BĐT tam giác)
Vậy BĐT đã cho được chứng minh
\(\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{b+c}{5}=\dfrac{c+a}{6}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5a+5b=3b+3c\\5c+5a=6b+6c\\6a+6b=3c+3a\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5a+2b-3c=0\left(1\right)\\5a-6b-c=0\left(2\right)\\a+2b-c=0\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow8b-4c=0\Leftrightarrow2b=c\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(3\right)\Leftrightarrow4a-4c=0\Leftrightarrow a-c=0\Leftrightarrow a=c=2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac-4b^2=2b.2b-4b^2=4b^2-4b^2=0\left(đpcm\right)\)
Bài làm
a) 2a²x³ - ax³ - a⁴ - x³a² - ax³ - 2x⁴
= 2a²x³ - ax³ - a⁴ - a²x³ - ax³ - 2x⁴
= ( 2a²x³ - a²x³ ) - ( ax³ + ax³ ) - a⁴ - 2ax⁴
= a²x³ - 2ax³ - a⁴ - 2ax⁴
b) 3xx⁴ + 4xx³ - 5x²x³ - 5x²x²
= 3x⁵ + 4x⁴ - 5x⁵ - 5x⁴
= ( 3x⁵ - 5x⁵ ) + ( 4x⁴ - 5x⁴ )
= -2x⁵ - x⁴
c) 3a - 4b² - 0,8b . 4b² - 2ab . 3b + b . 3b² - 1
= 3a - 4b² - 3,2b³ - 6ab² + 3b³ - 1
= 3a - 4b² - 0,2b³ - 6ab² - 1
d) 5x.2y² - 5x.3xy - x²y + 6xy²
= 10xy² - 15x²y - x²y + 6xy²
= ( 10xy² + 6xy² ) - ( 15x²y + x²y )
= 16xy² - 16x²y
\(=12ab^2-3.2b^3-6ab^2+3b^3-1\)
\(=6ab^2-0.2b^3-1\)