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1: Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)
=>\(a=b\cdot k;c=d\cdot k\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk+b}=\dfrac{bk}{b\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{c+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{dk}{d\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{c+d}\)
2: \(\dfrac{2a+b}{a-2b}=\dfrac{2\cdot bk+b}{bk-2b}=\dfrac{b\left(2k+1\right)}{b\left(k-2\right)}=\dfrac{2k+1}{k-2}\)
\(\dfrac{2c+d}{c-2d}=\dfrac{2dk+d}{dk-2d}=\dfrac{d\left(2k+1\right)}{d\left(k-2\right)}=\dfrac{2k+1}{k-2}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{2a+b}{a-2b}=\dfrac{2c+d}{c-2d}\)
3: \(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{bk+b}{bk-b}=\dfrac{b\left(k+1\right)}{b\cdot\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k+1}{k-1}\)
\(\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}=\dfrac{dk+d}{dk-d}=\dfrac{d\left(k+1\right)}{d\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k+1}{k-1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\)
4: \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}=\dfrac{5\cdot bk+3b}{5dk+3d}=\dfrac{b\left(5k+3\right)}{d\left(5k+3\right)}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}=\dfrac{5\cdot bk-3b}{5\cdot dk-3d}=\dfrac{b\left(5k-3\right)}{d\left(5k-3\right)}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}=\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}\)
Câu 1:
\(4\sqrt[4]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+4\right)\left(c-2\right)\left(d-3\right)}\le a+1+b+4+c-2+d-3=a+b+c+d\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a = -1; b = -4; c = 2; d= 3
\(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{1}{a^2b}\ge\frac{2}{b^3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a^2}{b^5}\ge\frac{2}{b^3}-\frac{1}{a^2b}\)
\(\frac{2}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}\ge\frac{3}{a^2b}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{a^2b}\le\frac{2}{3a^3}+\frac{1}{3b^3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\Sigma\frac{a^2}{b^5}\ge\Sigma\left(\frac{5}{3b^3}-\frac{2}{3a^3}\right)=\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}\)
Làm tạm một câu rồi đi chơi, lát làm cho.
4)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz :
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}=\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge\frac{9}{1}=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có:
Tập hợp A:
\(A=\left\{1;3;5;7;9\right\}\)
Tập hợp B:
\(B=\left\{0;1;2;4;5;6;8\right\}\)
Mà: \(C=A\cup B\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\left\{0;1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9\right\}\)
⇒ Chọn D
\(a,A=2^0+2^1+2^2+....+\)\(2^{2010}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=2^1+2^2+2^3+....+2^{2011}\)
\(2A-A=\left(2^1+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2011}\right)-\left(2^0+2^1+2^2+...+2^{2010}\right)\)
\(A=2^{2011}-2^0\)
\(A=2^{2011}-1\)
\(b,B=1+3+3^2+...+3^{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{101}\)
\(3B-B=\left(3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{101}\right)-\left(1+3+3^2+...+3^{100}\right)\)
\(2B=3^{101}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{3^{101}-1}{2}\)
\(c,C=4+4^2+4^3+...+4^n\)
\(\Rightarrow4C=4^2+4^3+4^4+...+4^{n+1}\)
\(4C-C=\left(4^2+4^3+4^4+...+4^{n+1}\right)-\left(4+4^2+4^3+...+4^n\right)\)
\(3C=4^{n+1}-4\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{4^{n+1}-4}{3}\)
\(d,D=1+5+5^2+...+5^{2000}\)
\(\Rightarrow5D=5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{2001}\)
\(5D-D=\left(5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{2001}\right)-\left(1+5+5^2+...+5^{2000}\right)\)
\(4D=5^{2001}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow D=\frac{5^{2001}-1}{4}\)
b)
B=1+3+3^2+3^3+..+3^100
=> 3B = 3 + 3^2 + 3^3 + ...+ 3^101
=> 3B - B = ( 3 + 3^2 + 3^3 + ...+ 3^101) - (1+3+3^2+3^3+..+3^100)
=> 2B = 3^101 - 1
=> B =( 3^101 - 1) / 2
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