Cho A=3+33+35+...+3 . Tìm số dư của A khi chia cho 13 và 41
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\(C=\left(3+3^3+3^5\right)+\left(3^7+3^9+3^{11}\right)+...+\left(3^{1987}+3^{1989}+3^{1991}\right)\\ C=\left(3+3^3+3^5\right)+3^6\left(3+3^3+3^5\right)+...+3^{1986}\left(3+3^3+3^5\right)\\ C=\left(3+3^3+3^5\right)\left(1+3^6+...+3^{1986}\right)\\ C=273\left(1+3^6+...+3^{1986}\right)\\ C=13\cdot21\left(1+3^6+...+3^{1986}\right)⋮13\\ C=\left(3+3^3+3^5+3^7\right)+\left(3^9+3^{11}+3^{13}+3^{15}\right)+...+\left(3^{1985}+3^{1987}+3^{1989}+3^{1991}\right)\\ C=\left(3+3^3+3^5+3^7\right)+3^8\left(3+3^3+3^5+3^7\right)+...+3^{1984}\left(3+3^3+3^5+3^7\right)\\ C=\left(3+3^3+3^5+3^7\right)\left(1+3^8+...+3^{1984}\right)\\ C=2460\left(1+3^8+...+3^{1984}\right)\\ C=41\cdot60\left(1+3^8+...+3^{1984}\right)⋮41\)
a) A = 1 + 2 + 2² + ... + 2⁴¹
⇒ 2A = 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2⁴²
⇒ A = 2A - A
= (2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2⁴²) - (1 + 2 + 2² + ... + 2⁴¹)
= 2⁴² - 1
b) A = 1 + 2 + 2² + ... + 2⁴¹
= (1 + 2 + 2²) + (2³ + 2⁴ + 2⁵) + ... + (2³⁹ + 2⁴⁰ + 2⁴¹)
= 7 + 2³.(1 + 2 + 2²) + ... + 2³⁹.(1 + 2 + 2²)
= 7 + 2³.7 + ... + 2³⁹.7
= 7.(1 + 2³ + ... + 2³⁹) ⋮ 7
Vậy A ⋮ 7
Ta có:
A = 1 + 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2⁴⁰ + 2⁴¹
= (1 + 2) + (2² + 2³) + ... + (2⁴⁰ + 2⁴¹)
= 3 + 2².(1 + 2) + ... + 2⁴⁰.(1 + 2)
= 3 + 2².3 + ... + 2⁴⁰.3
= 3.(1 + 2² + ... + 2⁴⁰) ⋮ 3
Vậy A ⋮ 3
c) A = 1 + 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2⁴⁰
= (1 + 2 + 2² + 2³) + (2⁴ + 2⁵ + 2⁶ + 2⁷) + ... + (2³⁸ + 2³⁹ + 2⁴⁰ + 2⁴¹)
= 15 + 2⁴.(1 + 2 + 2² + 2³) + ... + 2³⁸.(1 + 2 + 2² + 2³)
= 15 + 2⁴.15 + ... + 2³⁸.15
= 15.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2³⁸)
= 5.3.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2³⁸) ⋮ 5
Vậy A chia 5 dư 0
`A = 1 + 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^41` $\\$
`2A = 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^42`$\\$
`2A - A = (2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^42) - (1 + 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^41)` $\\$
`2A - A = 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^42 - 1 - 2 - 2^2 - 2^3 - ... - 2^41`$\\$
`2A - A = (2 - 1 - 2) + (2^2 - 2^2) + (2^3 - 2^3) + ... (2^41 - 2^41) + 2^42`$\\$
`2A - A = - 1 + 2^42`$\\$
hay `A = -1 + 2^42`$\\$
a,
`3A=3+3^3+3^3+...+3^{53}`
`3A-A=(3+3^3+3^3+...+3^{53})-(1+3+3^3+3^3+...+3^{52})`
`2A=3^{53}-1`
`A=(3^{53}-1)/2`
b,
`A=1+3+3^3+3^3+...+3^{52}`
`A=(1+3+3^2)+(3^3+3^4+3^5)+....+(3^{50}+3^{51}+3^{52})`
`A=(1+3+3^2)+3^3*(1+3+3^2)+....+3^{50}*(1+3+3^2)`
`A=(1+3+3^2)*(1+3^3+....+3^{50})`
`A=13*(1+3^3+....+3^{50})`
Do `13 \vdots 13 => A=13*(1+3^3+....+3^{50})\vdots 13 `
Vậy `A \vdots 13 `
\(B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{100}\)
\(=3+\left(3^2+3^3+3^4\right)+...+\left(3^{98}+3^{99}+3^{100}\right)\)
\(=3+3^2\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^{98}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\)
\(=3+3^2.13+...+3^{98}.13\)
\(=3+13\left(3^2+...+3^{98}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B⋮̸13\)
\(\Rightarrow B:13\) dư 3.