Trung hào 20ml đ HCl 1M =đ Ca(OH)2 1M.Toàn bộ đ Hcl nói trên cx có thể đc trung hòa bơi Vml đ chứa hh NaOH 0.2M và Ca(OH)2 0.1M .TÍnh V
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nOH-=0,05.2.0,2+ 0,1.0,2=0,04 mol
nH+=0,1.V.2+ 0,2.V=0,4V mol
H++OH--->H2O
nH+=nOH-=> 0,4v=0,04-> v=0,1 lit = 100ml
\(n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Pt: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
0,04mol \(\leftarrow\) 0,04mol \(\rightarrow\) 0,04mol
\(V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,1}=0,4\left(l\right)\)
\(\Sigma_{V\left(spu\right)}=0,2+0,4=0,6\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,6}=0,067M\)
b) Pt: \(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+2H_2O\)
0,02mol \(\leftarrow\) 0,04mol\(\rightarrow\) 0,02mol
\(m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,02.74=1,48\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=\dfrac{1,48.100}{5}=29,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,02.111.100}{29,6}=7,5\%\)
nHCl=CM.V=1.0,6=0,6(mol)
Pt: HCl+ NaOH-> NaCl + H2O
cứ:1.............1.............1 (mol)
vậy:0,6----->0,6------>0,6(mol)
=> mNaOH=0,6.40=24(g)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}.100\%}{C\%}=\dfrac{24.100}{30}=80\left(g\right)\)
b) Nếu thay NaOH bằng Ca(OH)2 thì ta có PT:
PT: 2HCl + Ca(OH)2 -> CaCl2 +2H2O
Cứ:2................1.................1 (mol)
Vậy: 0,6------->0,3----------->0,3(mol)
=> mCa(OH)2=n.M=0,3.74=22,2(g)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddCa\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}.100\%}{C\%}=\dfrac{22,2.100}{7,351}\approx302\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddCa\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{m_{ddCa\left(OH\right)_2}}{D}=\dfrac{302}{1,045}\approx289\left(ml\right)=0,289\left(lít\right)\)
Ta có : \(n_{OH}=2C_{MBa\left(OH\right)2}V+C_{MKOH}V=2,09\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTNT\left(O\right):n_{H2O}=n_{OH}=2,09\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTNT\left(H\right):n_H=n_{H2O}=2,09\left(mol\right)\)
Mà \(n_H=2,09=1,98V+2,2V=4,18V\)
\(\Rightarrow V=0,5\left(l\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba\left(OH\right)2}=0,76\\n_{H2SO4}=0,55\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )
\(PTHH:H_2SO_4+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaSO_4+2H_2O\)
Thấy ; \(0,55< 0,76\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{BaSO4}=0,55\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{kt}=128,15g\)
1 ) nOH= nNaOH+2nBa(OH)2=0,01+2.0,01=0,03mol
OH- + H+ ----------->H2O
0.03-->0.03
nHCl=nH+ =0.03mol
=>VHCl=0.03/0.3=0.1l=100ml
2 ) (NH4)2SO4 + 2KOH -(t°)-> K2SO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
0,05______________________________ 0,1 (mol)
n(NH4)2SO4 = 0,05.1 = 0,05 mol
V NH3 = 0,1 . 22,4 = 2,24 l
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,2.0,2=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
a
\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+2H_2O\)
0,02<------0,04----->0,02
Xét \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,04}{2}\Rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2.dư\)
\(m_{CaCl_2}=0,02.111=2,22\left(g\right)\)
b
Muốn pứ xảy ra hoàn toàn phải thêm dung dịch HCl 0,2 M
\(n_{HCl.cần}=2n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl.cần.thêm}=0,6-0,04=0,56\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{cần.\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,56}{0,2}=2,8\left(l\right)=280\left(ml\right)\\ V_{cần.thêm\left(HCl\right)}=280-200=80\left(ml\right)\)
c
\(CM_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,3+0,28}=\dfrac{1}{29}M\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol Zn, Al là a, b
=> 65a + 27b = 18,4 (1)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
a----->2a------------->a
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b---->3b------------->1,5b
=> a + 1,5b = 0,5 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,2 ; b = 0,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) nHCl(pư) = 2a + 3b = 1 (mol)
nHCl(dư) = 0,6.2 - 1 = 0,2 (mol)
PTHH: KOH + HCl --> KCl + H2O
0,2<----0,2
=> \(V=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,6.2=1,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ a,n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=1,2-2.n_{H_2}=1,2-2.0,5=0,2\left(mol\right)\\PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+27b=18,4\\a+1,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right);m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ b,KOH+HCl_{dư}\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\\ n_{KOH}=n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)\)