Cho a,b,c là độ dài 3 cạnh tam giác. Tìm GTNN của
P=\(\sqrt{\dfrac{2a}{2b+2c-a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2b}{2c+2a-b}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2c}{2a+2b-c}}\)
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Ta có:
\(\left(2a^2-b^2-c^2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^4+b^4+c^4-4a^2b^2-4a^2c^2+2b^2c^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2\ge6a^2b^2+6a^2c^2-3a^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge3a^2\left(2b^2+2c^2-a^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2b^2+2c^2-a^2}}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}a}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2b^2+2c^2-a^2}}\ge\sqrt{3}\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{2a^2+2c^2-b^2}}\ge\sqrt{3}.\dfrac{b^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{2a^2+2b^2-c^2}}\ge\sqrt{3}.\dfrac{c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Cộng vế: \(P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\sqrt{3}\)
\(P_{min}=\sqrt{3}\) khi \(a=b=c\)
\(a+b+c=\sqrt{6063}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2021}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{2021}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{2021}}=\sqrt{3}\)
Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2021}};\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{2021}};\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{2021}}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=\sqrt{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}}+\dfrac{2y}{\sqrt{2y^2+1}}+\dfrac{2z}{\sqrt{2z^2+1}}\)
Ta có đánh giá:
\(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}}\le\dfrac{3\sqrt{15}x+2\sqrt{5}}{25}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương:
\(\left(\sqrt{3}x-1\right)^2\left(9x^2+10\sqrt{3}x+2\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(P\le\dfrac{6\sqrt{15}\left(x+y+z\right)+12\sqrt{5}}{25}=\dfrac{6\sqrt{5}}{5}\)
Theo BĐT \(AM-GM\) ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2b^2+2c^2-a^2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}a^2}{\sqrt{3a^2\left(2b^2+2c^2-a^2\right)}}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}a^2}{\dfrac{2a^2+2b^2+2c^2}{2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}a^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Tương tự ta có :
\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{2c^2+2a^2-b^2}}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}b^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{2a^2+2b^2-c^2}}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Cộng từng vế BĐT :
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\sqrt{3}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(A=\dfrac{x-4+5}{\sqrt{x}-2}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)+5}{\sqrt{x}-2}=\sqrt{x}+2+\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
\(=\sqrt{x}-2+\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{x}-2}+4\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{5\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\sqrt{x}-2}}+4=4+2\sqrt{5}\)
\(A_{min}=4+2\sqrt{5}\) khi \(9+4\sqrt{5}\)
b.
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y};\dfrac{l}{z}\right)\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
\(B=\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{z+x}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(B_{min}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) khi \(x=y=z=1\Rightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}}{a+c+b+c}\le\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}}{2\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(A\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(P=\sqrt{\dfrac{2a}{2b+2c-a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2b}{2c+2a-b}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2c}{2a+2b-c}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}a}{\sqrt{3a\left(2b+2c-a\right)}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{6}b}{\sqrt{3b\left(2c+2a-b\right)}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{6}c}{\sqrt{3c\left(2a+2b-c\right)}}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{6}a}{\dfrac{3a+2b+2c-a}{2}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{6}b}{\dfrac{3b+2c+2a-b}{2}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{6}c}{\dfrac{3c+2a+2b-c}{2}}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{6}a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{\sqrt{6}b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{\sqrt{6}c}{a+b+c}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=\sqrt{6}\)