Cho a, b, c \(\ge\) 0. Chứng minh các bất đẳng thức sau:
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Biến đổi tương đương:
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+2ab\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-2ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT đã cho đúng
Chỉ cần chú ý:
\(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a}.\frac{ca}{b}}=2c\)
Từ đó thiết lập 2 BĐT còn lại tương tự rồi cộng theo vế thu được đpcm.
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky :
\(\left(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\right)\left(abc+abc+abc\right)\ge\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2}{3abc}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2b^2+b^2c^2\ge2ab^2c\\a^2b^2+c^2a^2\ge2a^2bc\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\\b^2c^2+c^2a^2\ge2abc^2\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
Với $a,b,c>0$ thì $a^3+b^3+3abc> ab(a+b+c)$ chứ không có dấu "=" nhé bạn. Còn về cách làm thì bạn Trương Huy Hoàng đã làm rất chi tiết rồi.
a3 + b3 + 3abc \(\ge\) ab(a + b + c)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a3 + b3 + 3abc - a2b - ab2 - abc \(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a3 + b3 + 2abc - a2b - ab2 \(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2(a - b) - b2(a - b) + 2abc \(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a - b)(a2 - b2) + 2abc \(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a - b)2(a + b) + 2abc \(\ge\) 0 (luôn đúng với mọi a, b, c > 0)
Chúc bn học tốt!
Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
\(\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\\ \ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}=9\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge9\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ca}+\dfrac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\left(Schwarz\right)\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Mà theo Cô-si ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2\ge2ab\\b^2+c^2\ge2bc\\c^2+a^2\ge2ca\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (hằng đẳng thức)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c
Ta có: BĐT\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a-\left(a+b\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{2b-\left(b+c\right)}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{2c-\left(c+a\right)}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-a+a-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)+\dfrac{a-c}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}-\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2}\left(\dfrac{c-a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a-c}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\) (đúng)
Vậy BĐT luôn đúng với \(a\ge b\ge c>0\)
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Ta c/m BĐT phụ: \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)( b tự c/m nhé. Chuyển vế, c/m VP>=0 là xong )
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2.\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{1}{\frac{2}{3}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
đpcm
\(C=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+1+\frac{b}{c+a}+1+\frac{c}{a+b}+1\ge\frac{3}{2}+1+1+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b+c}{c+a}+\frac{a+b+c}{a+b}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)+\left(a+b\right)\right]\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\left(^∗\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)+\left(a+b\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}\\\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\end{cases}}\)
Nhân vế của các bđt ta được :
\(VT\left(^∗\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
đặt b + c = x ; c + a = y ; a + b = z
\(\Rightarrow\)a + b + c = \(\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=\frac{y+z-x}{2};b=\frac{x+z-y}{2};c=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+\frac{x+z-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\)
\(C=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}-3\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(6-3\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left (\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\right)(abc+abc+abc)\geq (ab+bc+ac)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\geq \frac{(ab+bc+ac)^2}{3abc}\) $(1)$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} a^2b^2+b^2c^2\geq 2ab^2c\\ a^2b^2+c^2a^2\geq 2a^2bc\\ b^2c^2+c^2a^2\geq 2abc^2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\geq abc(a+b+c)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (ab+bc+ac)^2\geq 3abc(a+b+c)(2)\)
Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow \frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\geq a+b+c\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
b) Ta có:
\(\text{VT}+3=(a+b+c)\left (\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left ( \frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a} \right )(a+b+b+c+c+a)\geq (1+1+1)^2=9\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\geq \frac{9}{2(a+b+c)}\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}+3\geq (a+b+c).\frac{9}{2(a+b+c)}=\frac{9}{2}\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{3}{2}\)
Do đó ta có đpcm.