cho 20,8 g hỗn hợp Zn ,ZnO tác dụng vừa đủ với dung dịch axit axetic 20% .Sau phản ứng thu được 22,4 lít khí hidro ở đktc a) tính thành phần phần trăm khối lượng mỗi chất có trong hỗn hợp ban đầu b)tính khối lượng dung dịch axit cần dùng
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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
0,2<--0,4<------0,2<-----0,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65}{21,1}.100\%=61,61\%\\\%m_{ZnO}=100\%-61,61\%=38,39\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{21,1-0,2.65}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: ZnO + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2O
0,1---->0,2------>0,1
=> \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,2+0,4\right).36,5}{200}.100\%=10,95\%\)
\(m_{mu\text{ố}i}=m_{ZnCl_2}=\left(0,1+0,2\right).136=40,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4.48}{22.4}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.2.........0.4.........0.2......0.2\)
\(m_{Zn}=0.2\cdot65=13\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnO}=14.6-13=1.6\left(g\right)\)
\(\%Zn=\dfrac{13}{14.6}\cdot100\%=89.04\%\)
\(\%ZnO=100\%-89.04\%=10.96\%\)
\(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{1.6}{81}\approx0.02\left(mol\right)\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)
\(0.02........0.04........0.02........0.02\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.4+0.04=0.44\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.44}{0.8}=0.55\left(M\right)\)
Eeeee ngồi tính sang chấn thật nó ra số xấu lần mò hơn 20p chưa biết tính sai chỗ nào
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{Mg}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=1\cdot24=24\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24}{32}\cdot100\%=75\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=25\%\)
b) Theo 2 PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{MgO}=2\cdot\dfrac{32-24}{40}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=2,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{2,4\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=1200\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(\Sigma n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma m_{MgCl_2}=1,2\cdot95=114\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=1\cdot2=2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=1230\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{114}{1230}\cdot100\%\approx9,27\%\)
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3COOH}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2C2H5OH + 2Na ---> 2C2H5ONa + H2
a---------------------------------------->0,5a
2CH3COOH + 2Na ---> 2CH3COONa + H2
b------------------------------------------------>0,5b
=> hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46a+60b=48,8\\0,5a+0,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,8\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,8.46=36,8\left(g\right)\\m_{CH_3COOH}=0,2.60=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{36,8}{48,8}.100\%=75,41\%\\\%m_{CH_3COOH}=100\%-75,41\%=24,59\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, PTHH:
\(C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\xrightarrow[t^o]{H_2SO_4đặc}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
LTL: 0,8 > 0,2 => Rượu dư
\(n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5\left(tt\right)}=0,2.85\%=0,17\left(mol\right)\\ m_{este}=0,17.88=14,96\left(g\right)\)
a.Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=x\\n_{CH_3COOH}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\)
\(2C_2H_5OH+2Na\rightarrow2C_2H_5ONa+H_2\)
x 1/2 x ( mol )
\(2CH_3COOH+Na\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+H_2\)
y 1/2 y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46x+60y=48,8\\\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,8\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,8.46=36,8g\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{36,8}{48,8}.100=75,4\%\\\%m_{CH_3COOH}=100\%-75,4\%=24,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.\(C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(H_2SO_4\left(đ\right),t^o\right)CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
0,8 < 0,2 ( mol )
0,2 0,2 ( mol )
\(m_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=0,2.88.85\%=14,96g\)
a, \(Zn+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2\)
\(ZnO+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{14,6}.100\%\approx44,52\%\\\%m_{ZnO}\approx55,48\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Ta có: \(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{14,6-0,1.65}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CH_3COOH}=2n_{Zn}+2n_{ZnO}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{^{mengiam}}CH_3COOH+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{C_2H_5OH\left(LT\right)}=n_{CH_3COOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Mà: H = 80%
\(\Rightarrow n_{C_2H_5OH\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{0,4}{80\%}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{C_2H_5OH\left(TT\right)}=0,5.46=23\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{23}{0,8}=28,75\left(ml\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{C_2H_5OH\left(18,4^o\right)}=\dfrac{28,75}{18,4}.100=156,25\left(ml\right)=0,15625\left(l\right)\)
PTHH:
Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2 (1)
2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 (2)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,792}{22,4}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol của Zn và Al
a. Theo PT(1): \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}y\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,8\) (*)
Theo đề, ta có: 65x + 27y = 3,79 (**)
Từ (*) và (**), ta có HPT:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,8\\65x+27y=3,79\end{matrix}\right.\)
(Ra số âm, bn xem lại đề nhé.)
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: x 1,5x
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)
b)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 0,15 0,05
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pứ = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)
\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)
\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
x x ( mol )
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+65y=21,4\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13g\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{21,4}.100=39,25\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-39,25\%=60,75\%\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,15.127=19,05g\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2g\)
Đề sai.