Cho \(x,y,z\ne0\) và \(x-y-z=0\).
Tính giá trị biểu thức \(A=\left(1-\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\)
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Từ \(x\left(\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+y\left(\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+z\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=-2\) ta có:
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+2xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\y+z=0\\z+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\).
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử x + y = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3=-y^3\).
Kết hợp với \(x^3+y^3+z^3=1\) ta có \(z^3=1\Leftrightarrow z=1\).
Vậy \(P=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{-y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{1}=1\).
Lời giải:
\(A=\left(\frac{x}{y-z}+\frac{y}{z-x}+\frac{z}{x-y}\right)\left(\frac{1}{y-z}+\frac{1}{z-x}+\frac{1}{x-y}\right)-\frac{x}{(y-z)(z-x)}-\frac{x}{(y-z)(x-y)}-\frac{y}{(z-x)(x-y)}-\frac{y}{(z-x)(y-z)}-\frac{z}{(x-y)(y-z)}-\frac{z}{(x-y)(z-x)}\)
\(=0-\frac{x(x-y)+x(z-x)+y(y-z)+y(x-y)+z(z-x)+z(y-z)}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}\)
\(=0-\frac{x^2+xz+y^2+xy+z^2+zy-(xy+x^2+yz+y^2+zx+z^2)}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}=0-\frac{0}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}=0\)
x+y+z=0
nên x+y=-z; y+z=-x; x+z=-y
\(\left(1+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y}{y}\cdot\dfrac{y+z}{z}\cdot\dfrac{x+z}{x}=-1\)
ta có x-y-z=0
->x=y+z
y=x-z
z=x-y
B=\(\left(1-\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\)
B=\(\left(\dfrac{x-z}{x}\right)\left(\dfrac{y-x}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{z+y}{z}\right)\)
B=\(\dfrac{y}{x}.\left(-\dfrac{z}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{x}{z}\right)\)
B=\(\dfrac{-\left(xyz\right)}{xyz}\)
B=-1
Ta có: x-y-z=0 <=> x=y+z Thay vào A ta có:
A=\(\left(1-\dfrac{z}{y+z}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{y+z}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\)
=\(\dfrac{y}{y+z}\cdot\left(-\dfrac{z}{y}\right)\cdot\dfrac{y+z}{z}=\dfrac{y}{z}\cdot\left(-\dfrac{z}{y}\right)=-1\)
Vậy A=-1
theo bài ra táo:
\(A=\left(1-\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\\ \Rightarrow A=\dfrac{x-z}{x}.\dfrac{y-x}{y}.\dfrac{z+y}{z}\left(1\right)\)
ta lại có:
\(x-y-z=0\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-z=y\left(2\right)\\y-x=-z\left(3\right)\\z+y=x\left(4\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
thay 2;3;4 vào 1 ta có:
\(A=\dfrac{y}{x}.\dfrac{-z}{y}.\dfrac{x}{z}=-1\)
vậy A = -1