Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
\(i,8x^3-36x^2y+54xy^2-27y^3\)
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\(8x^3+36x^2y+54xy^2+27y^3\\ =\left(2x\right)^3+3.\left(2x\right)^2.3y+3.2x.\left(3y\right)^2+\left(3y\right)^3\\ =\left(2x+3y\right)^3\\ =\left(2x+3y\right)\left(2x+3y\right)\left(2x+3y\right)\)
\(\left(x-y\right)^3-\left(x+y\right)^3\\ =\left(x-y-x-y\right)\left(x^2-2xy+y^2+x^2-y^2+x^2+2xy+y^2\right)\\ =-2y\left(3x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\left(x+1\right)^3+\left(x-1\right)^3\\ =\left(x+1+x-1\right)\left(x^2+2x+1-x^2+1+x^2-2x+1\right)\\ =2x\left(x^2+3\right)\)
\(\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)^2\\ =\left(x-1-x-1\right)\left(x-1+x+1\right)\\ =-2.2x=-4x\)
a: =(2x)^3+3*(2x)^2*3y+3*2x*(3y)^2+(3y)^3
=(2x+3y)^3
b: (x-y)^3-(x+y)^3
=(x-y-x-y)[(x-y)^2+(x-y)(x+y)+(x+y)^2]
=-2y*[x^2-2xy+y^2+x^2-y^2+x^2+2xy+y^2]
=-2y(3x^2+y^2)
c: (x+1)^3+(x-1)^3
=(x+1+x-1)[(x+1)^2-(x+1)(x-1)+(x-1)^2]
=2x*[x^2+2x+1-x^2+1+x^2-2x+1]
=2x(x^2+3)
d: =(x-1-x-1)(x-1+x+1)
=2x*(-2)=-4x
a) \(-x^3+9x^2-27x+27=-\left(x^3-3.3.x^2+3.3^2.x-3^3\right)=-\left(x-3\right)^3\)
b)\(x^4-2x^3-x^2+2x+1=x^4+\left(-x\right)^2+\left(-1\right)^2+2x^2\left(-x\right)+2.\left(-x\right).\left(-1\right)+2x^2.\left(-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-x-1\right)^2\)
c)\(8x^3+27y^3+36x^2y+54xy^2=\left(2x\right)^3+3.\left(2x\right)^2.3y+3.2x.\left(3y\right)^2+\left(3y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(2x+3y\right)^2\)
a)\(2a^3+16=2\left(a^3+8\right)=2\left(a+2\right)\left(a^2-2a+4\right)\)
b)\(8x^3+27y^3+36x^2y+54xy^2=\left(2x\right)^3+\left(3y\right)^3+3.\left(2x\right)^2.3y+3.2x.\left(3y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x+3y\right)^2\)
c)\(x^4-2x^3-x^2+2x+1=\left(x^4-x^3-x^2\right)-\left(x^3-x^2-x\right)-\left(x^2-x-1\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x^2-x-1\right)-x\left(x^2-x-1\right)-\left(x^2-x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-x-1\right)\left(x^2-x-1\right)=\left(x^2-x-1\right)^2\)
\(g,8x^3-27y^3=\left(2x-3y\right)\left(4x^2+6xy+9y^2\right)\)
\(h,x^3+y^3+2x^2-2xy+2y^2\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+2\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\left(x+y+2\right)\)
\(8x^3-36x^2y+54xy^2-27y^3\)
\(=\left(2x\right)^3-3.\left(2x\right)^2.3y+3.2x.\left(3y\right)^2-\left(3y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(2x-3y\right)^3\)
\(8x^3-36x^2y+54xy^2-27y^3\)
\(=\left(2x\right)^3-3.\left(2x\right)^2.3y+3.2x.\left(3y\right)^2-\left(3y^3\right)\)
\(=\left(2x-3y\right)^3\)
Bài trên là hằng đẳng thức:
\(\left(a+b\right)^3=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3\)