Cho a,b,c là độ dài ba cạnh của tam giác. Tìm GTNN của biểu thức: P = \(\frac{a}{2b+2c-a}+\frac{b}{2c+2a-b}+\frac{c}{2a+2b-c}\)
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Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=2b+2c-a\\y=2c+2a-b\\z=2a+2b-c\end{cases}}\)
Vì a,b,c là độ dài ba cạnh của 1 tam giác nên \(x,y,z>0\)
Khi đó :
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=\frac{2y+2z-x}{9}\\b=\frac{2z+2x-y}{9}\\c=\frac{2x+2y-z}{9}\end{cases}}\)
Ta có bất đẳng thức mới theo ẩn x,y,z :
\(\frac{2y+2z-x}{9x}+\frac{2z+2x-y}{9y}+\frac{2x+2y-z}{9z}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}\right)+\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{y}\right)+\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}\right)-\frac{1}{3}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\right)-\frac{1}{3}\ge1\)
Ta chứng minh bất đẳng thức phụ sau :
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\forall a,b>0\)
Thật vậy : \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2}{ab}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}-2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2-2ab}{ab}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}\ge0\)(luôn đúng \(\forall a,b>0\))
Áp dụng , ta được :
\(\frac{2}{9}.2+\frac{2}{9}.2+\frac{2}{9}.2-\frac{1}{3}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{12}{9}-\frac{1}{3}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{9}{9}\ge1\)(đúng)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Ta có : \(p=\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có :
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}.\frac{b+c}{4ab}}=\frac{1}{a}\)
\(\frac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{a+c}{4ac}\ge4\sqrt{\frac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}.\frac{a+c}{4ac}}=\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}.\frac{a+b}{4ab}}=\frac{1}{c}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được \(p+\frac{1}{4c}+\frac{1}{4a}+\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{4a}+\frac{1}{4c}+\frac{1}{4b}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow p+\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow p\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{2a.2b.2c}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{8abc}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Xét: \(\frac{bc}{a^2b+ca^2}=\frac{bc}{a\cdot abc\cdot\frac{1}{c}+a\cdot abc\cdot\frac{1}{b}}=\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ca}\)(*)
Tương tự với (*) ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{ca}{b^2c+ab^2}=\frac{c^2a^2}{ab+bc}\\\frac{ab}{c^2a+bc^2}=\frac{a^2b^2}{ca+bc}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{bc}{a^2b+ca^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ca}\)
Ta thấy\(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ca}\) có dạng: \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Bước cuối Cô-si ba số và kết hợp điều kiện abc=1 là xong
Ta có:
A = \(\frac{a}{2b+3c}+\frac{b}{2c+3a}+\frac{c}{3b+2a}=\frac{a^2}{2ab+3ac}+\frac{b^2}{2bc+3ab}+\frac{c^2}{3bc+2ac}\)
A \(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2ab+3ac+2bc+3ab+3bc+2ac}\)(bđt svacxo \(\frac{x_1^2}{y_1}+\frac{x_2^2}{y_2}+\frac{x_3^2}{y_3}\ge\frac{\left(x_1+x_2+x_3\right)^2}{y_1+y_2+y_3}\))
A \(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{5\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\frac{5\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}\) (bđt \(xy+yz+xz\le\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\)(*)
CM bđt * <=> \(3xy+3yz+3xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2+2xz+2xy+2yz\)
<=> \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
<=> A \(\ge\frac{3}{5}\) --> ĐPCM
P = \(\frac{a^2c}{a^2c+c^2b+b^2a+}+\frac{b^2a}{b^2a+a^2c+c^2b}+\frac{c^2b}{c^2b+b^2a+a^2c}\)
P = \(\frac{a^2c+b^2a+c^2b}{a^2c+c^2b+b^2a}=1\)
\(P=\frac{\frac{a}{b}}{\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{b}{c}}+\frac{\frac{b}{c}}{\frac{b}{c}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{a}}+\frac{\frac{c}{a}}{\frac{c}{a}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{a}{b}}=\frac{\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}}{\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}}=1\)
Ta có:
\(\left(2a^2-b^2-c^2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^4+b^4+c^4-4a^2b^2-4a^2c^2+2b^2c^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2\ge6a^2b^2+6a^2c^2-3a^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge3a^2\left(2b^2+2c^2-a^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2b^2+2c^2-a^2}}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}a}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2b^2+2c^2-a^2}}\ge\sqrt{3}\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{2a^2+2c^2-b^2}}\ge\sqrt{3}.\dfrac{b^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{2a^2+2b^2-c^2}}\ge\sqrt{3}.\dfrac{c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Cộng vế: \(P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\sqrt{3}\)
\(P_{min}=\sqrt{3}\) khi \(a=b=c\)
\(P=\frac{a}{2b+2c-a}+\frac{b}{2c+2a-b}+\frac{c}{2a+2b-c}=\frac{a^2}{2ab+2ac-a^2}+\frac{b^2}{2bc+2ab-b^2}+\frac{c^2}{2ac+2bc-c^2}\)
vì a,b,c là 3 cạnh của 1 tam giác áp dụng bđt tam giác có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}b+c>a\Rightarrow2b+2c>a\Rightarrow2ab+2ac>a^2\Rightarrow2ab+2ac-a^2>0\\c+a>b\Rightarrow2c+2a>b\Rightarrow2bc+2ab>b^2\Rightarrow2bc+2ab-b^2>0\\a+b>c\Rightarrow2a+2b>c\Rightarrow2ac+2bc>c^2\Rightarrow2ac+2bc-c^2>0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{2ab+2ac-a^2}+\frac{b^2}{2bc+2ab-b^2}+\frac{c^2}{2ac+2bc-c^2}>0\)áp dụng bđt cauchy schawazt dạng enge ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{2ab+2ac-a^2}+\frac{b^2}{2bc+2ab-b^2}+\frac{c^2}{2ac+2bc-c^2}>=\)
\(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2ab+2ac-a^2+2bc+2ab-b^2+2ac+2bc-c^2}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4ab+4ac+4bc-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\left(1\right)\)
vì \(a^2+b^2+c^2>=ab+ac+bc\Rightarrow4ab+4ac+4bc-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)< =\)
\(4ab+4ac+4bc-\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)mà \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4ab+4ac+4bc-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}>=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4ab+4ac+4bc-\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}\)(2)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4ab+4ac+4bc-ab-ac-bc}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3ab+3ac+3bc}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc}{3ab+3ac+3bc}\)
\(>=\frac{ab+ac+bc+2ab+2ac+2bc}{3ab+3ac+3bc}=\frac{3ab+3ac+3bc}{3ab+3ac+3bc}=1\)(3)
từ (1)(2)(3)\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{2ab+2ac-a^2}+\frac{b^2}{2bc+2ab-b^2}+\frac{c^2}{2ac+2bc-c^2}>=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{a}{2b+2c-a}+\frac{b}{2c+2a-b}+\frac{c}{2a+2b-c}>=1\)
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
vậy min P là 1 khi a=b=c