Cho x,y,z thỏa mãn x2 + 4y2 + z2 = 4xy + 5x - 10y + 2z - 5
Chứng minh rằng: 1 ≤ x - 2y ≤ 4
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\(M=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{16}}{x^2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=\dfrac{49}{16}\)
\(M_{min}=\dfrac{49}{16}\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}};\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{14}};\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{7}}\right)\)
\(M=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{16}}{x^2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(M_{min}=\dfrac{7}{4}\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}};1\right)\)
a, \(x^4+2x^2+1-x^2\)
= \(\left(x^2+1\right)^2-x^2\)
= \(\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
b, \(x^4+x^2+1\)
= \(x^4+2x^2+1-x^2\)
= .. ( như phần a )
c, \(y^4+64\)
= \(\left(y^2+8\right)\left(y^2-8\right)\)
d, \(4xy+3z-12y-xz\)
\(=4y\left(x-3\right)-z\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(4y-z\right)\)
e, \(x^2-4xy+4y^2-z^2+6z-9\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)^2-\left(z-3\right)^2\)
g, \(x^2-4xy+5x+4y^2-10y\)
\(=\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(5x-10y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)^2+5\left(x-2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x-2y+5\right)\)
h, \(x^2-7x+6\)
\(=x^2-6x-x+6\)
\(=x\left(x-6\right)-\left(x-6\right)\)
\(=\left(x-6\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
i, \(x^3+5x^2+6x+2\)
\(=x^3+x^2+4x^2+4x+2x+2\)
\(=x^2\left(x+1\right)+4x\left(x+1\right)+2\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+4x+2\right)\)
\(VT=6\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+10\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\)
\(=6\left(x+y+z\right)^2-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+2\frac{9}{2x+y+z+x+2y+z+x+y+2z}\)
\(\ge6\left(x+y+z\right)^2-2\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+2\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\: 6\cdot\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^2-2\cdot\frac{\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^2}{3}+2\cdot\frac{9}{4\cdot\frac{3}{4}}=9\)
Ta cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\left(1\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4}{a+b}\le\dfrac{a+b}{ab}\\ \Leftrightarrow4ab\le\left(a+b\right)^2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(luôn.đúng\right)\)
\(DBXR\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
Do các phép biến đổi tương đương nên (1) luôn đúng
Áp dụng (1), ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+z}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\right]=\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z}\right)\)
Cộng từng vế BĐT, ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}.\left(\dfrac{4}{x}+\dfrac{4}{y}+\dfrac{4}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}.\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}.4=1\)Hay \(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le1\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(DBXR\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{4}\)