Cho các số thực dương a,b,c thỏa mãn \(ab+bc+ca=3\) Chứng minh rằng:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
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Sửa đề: Cho a, b, c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn điều kiện abc=1. Chứng minh rằng
\(\frac{1}{ab+b+2}+\frac{1}{bc+c+2}+\frac{1}{ca+a+2}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{1}{ab+b+2}=\frac{1}{ab+1+b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)\) \(=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{abc}{ab\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{c}{1+c}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{bc+c+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{ca+a+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{1}{a+1}\right)\)
Cộng từng vế các bđt trên ta được
\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a+1}{a+1}+\frac{b+1}{b+1}+\frac{c+1}{c+1}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy bđt được chứng minh
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Cách 1:
Do vai trò của a;b;c là như nhau, không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)
\(\Rightarrow3=ab+bc+ca\le3ab\Rightarrow ab\ge1\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+2}{a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1}=1-\dfrac{a^2b^2-1}{a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1}\)
\(\ge1-\dfrac{a^2b^2-1}{a^2b^2+2ab+1}=1-\dfrac{ab-1}{ab+1}=\dfrac{2}{1+ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{2}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+c^2}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{2}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+c^2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow c^2+3-ab\ge3abc^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c^2+ac+bc\ge3abc^2\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\ge3\)
Đúng do \(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\ge\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Cách 2:
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}+1-\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+1}+1-\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3a^2}{3a^2+3}+\dfrac{3b^2}{3b^2+3}+\dfrac{3c^2}{3c^2+3}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3a^2}{2a^2+a^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{3b^2}{2b^2+b^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{3c^2}{2c^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(a+b+c\right)+2b^2+ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+2c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+2a^2+bc}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1+\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\right)\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\dfrac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{2a^2bc+\left(bc\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(ca\right)^2}{2ab^2c+\left(ac\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{2abc^2+\left(ab\right)^2}\ge1\)
Đúng do:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=1\)
1. Đề thiếu
2. BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Ta có:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}.3abc\left(a+b+c\right)\) (đpcm)
3.
Ta có:
\(\left(a^6+b^6+1\right)\left(1+1+1\right)\ge\left(a^3+b^3+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(a^3+b^3+1+b^3+c^3+1+c^3+a^3+1\right)\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Lại có:
\(a^3+b^3+1\ge3ab\) ; \(b^3+c^3+1\ge3bc\) ; \(c^3+a^3+1\ge3ca\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{6}{\sqrt{3}}=3\sqrt{3}\)
4.
Ta có:
\(a^3+1+1\ge3a\) ; \(b^3+1+1\ge3b\) ; \(c^3+1+1\ge3c\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+6\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)
5.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}}\) ; \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}\) ; \(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}}\le\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}=1\)
CM BĐT : \(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\ge3\left(x^3y+y^3z+z^3x\right)\) ( * )
\(\frac{a}{ab+1}=\frac{a\left(ab+1\right)-a^2b}{ab+1}=a-\frac{a^2b}{ab+1}\)
TT ....
Áp dụng BĐT ( * ) với x = \(\sqrt{a}\); y = \(\sqrt{b}\); z = \(\sqrt{c}\) vào bài toán, ta có :
\(\frac{a}{ab+1}+\frac{b}{bc+1}+\frac{c}{ca+1}=a+b+c-\frac{a^2b}{ab+1}-\frac{b^2c}{bc+1}-\frac{c^2a}{ac+1}\)
\(\ge3-\frac{a^2b}{2\sqrt{ab}}-\frac{b^2c}{2\sqrt{bc}}-\frac{c^2a}{2\sqrt{ac}}=3-\frac{\sqrt{a^3b}+\sqrt{b^3c}+\sqrt{c^3a}}{2}\ge3-\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Theo bđt Cauchy - Schwart ta có:
\(\text{Σ}cyc\frac{c}{a^2\left(bc+1\right)}=\text{Σ}cyc\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{b+\frac{1}{c}}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+a+b+c}\)\(=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+3}\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+3a^2b^2c^2}\)
Đặt \(ab+bc+ca=x;abc=y\).
Ta có: \(\frac{x^2}{xy+3y^2}\ge\frac{9}{x\left(1+y\right)}\Leftrightarrow x^3+x^3y\ge9xy+27y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2-9y\right)+y\left(x^3-27y\right)\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )
Vậy BĐT đc CM. Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
Vì a+b+c=1 nên \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\)
\(=3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)=2+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}\)
Do đó
\(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\right)+\left(\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc}\right)+\left(\frac{ca}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}\cdot\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}}+2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{c^2+b^2}\cdot\frac{c^2+b^2}{bc}}+2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}}+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(=2\cdot\frac{1}{2}+2\cdot\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{3}=\frac{15}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
1,
\(\frac{a}{1+\frac{b}{a}}+\frac{b}{1+\frac{c}{b}}+\frac{c}{1+\frac{a}{c}}=\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2}=\frac{2}{2}=1\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}\le\frac{1}{2}\)
Tương tự cộng lại suy ra \(VT\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Suy ra sai đề :)
1.Ta có: \(c+ab=\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab\)
\(=ac+bc+c^2+ab\)
\(=a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
CMTT \(a+bc=\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(b+ca=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
Từ đó \(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\)( theo BĐT AM-GM)
CMTT\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}.3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu"="xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Vậy /...
\(\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}=a+1-\frac{ab^2-b^2}{b^2+1}=a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{b^2+1}\ge a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2b}\)
\(=a+1-\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{2}=a+1-\frac{ab+b}{2}\)
Tương tự rồi cộng lại:
\(RHS\ge a+b+c+3-\frac{ab+bc+ca+a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\ge a+b+c+3-\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+a+b+c}{2}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(a=b=c=1\)