Trộn 25 ml dung dịch H2SO4 10M với 225 ml nước . Tính nồng độ mol của dung dịch tạo thành
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1) Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=200\cdot15\%+300\cdot25\%=105\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{105}{200+300}\cdot100\%=21\%\)
2) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{105}{98}=\dfrac{15}{14}\left(mol\right)\\V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{500}{1,25}=400\left(ml\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{15}{14}}{0,4}\approx2,68\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.1\cdot2=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=100\cdot1.2=120\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=0.1\cdot1=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{BaCl_2}}=100\cdot1.32=132\left(g\right)\)
\(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\)
\(0.1................0.1.........0.1...............0.2\)
\(\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\)
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0.1\cdot233=23.3\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{dd}=0.1+0.1=0.2\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0.2-0.1}{0.2}=0.5\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.2}{0.2}=1\left(M\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=120+132-23.3=228.7\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0.1\cdot98}{228.7}\cdot100\%=4.28\%\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot36.5}{228.7}\cdot100\%=3.2\%\)
\(V_{\text{dd}}=200+250=450ml=0,45l\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\left(0,2.1\right)+\left(2.0,25\right)=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ C_M=\dfrac{0,7}{0,45}=1,5M\)
Anh bổ sung câu c)
\(C_{MddNa_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,09879+0,5}=0,4175\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{15,5}{62}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\\ n_{NaOH}=2.0,25=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ a,C_{MddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1\left(M\right)\\ b,2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.98=24,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{24,5.100}{20}=122,5\left(g\right)\\ V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{122,5}{1,14}\approx107,456\left(ml\right)\\ c,V_{ddsau}=V_{ddNaOH}+V_{ddH_2SO_4}\approx0,5+0,107456=0,607456\left(l\right)\\C_{MddNa_2SO_4}\approx\dfrac{ 0,25}{0,607456}\approx0,411552\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0.25\cdot2=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.25\cdot1=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O\)
\(0.5..............0.25................0.25\)
\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0.25\cdot2}{0.25+0.25}=1\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0.25}{0.25+0.25}=0.5\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.025\cdot10=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.25}{0.025+0.225}=1\left(M\right)\)
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