Tìm a để các hàm số \(f\left(x\right)=\frac{x^3}{3}-\frac{x^2}{2}+ax+1;g\left(x\right)=\frac{x^3}{3}+x^2+3ax+a\) có các điểm cực trị nằm xen kẽ nhau
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Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\frac{\left|x-5\right|}{\left|x-3\right|}=\frac{\left|x-1\right|}{\left|x-3\right|}=\frac{\left|x-5\right|-\left|x-1\right|}{\left|x-3\right|-\left|x-3\right|}=\frac{\left|x-5\right|-\left|x-1\right|}{0}\)
Do đó không tồn tại x thỏa mãn.
a) \(f\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)\)
Thay x = -1/2 vào ta được: \(y=f\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)=\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)^2-5.\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)+1=\frac{15}{4}\)
\(f\left(3\right)\)
Thay x = 3 vào ta được: \(y=f\left(3\right)=3^2-5.3+1=-5\)
b) Để f(x) = 1
Suy ra: \(x^2-5x+1=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=5\end{cases}}\)
Vậy khi x = 0 hoặc x = 5 thì f(x) = 1
\(f\left(x\right)=\frac{x^2+2x+1-x^2}{x^2\left(x+1\right)^2}=\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2-x^2}{x^2\left(x+1\right)^2}=\frac{1}{x^2}-\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(1\right)+f\left(2\right)+....+f\left(x\right)=1-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-....-\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2y\left(x+1\right)^3-1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}-19+x=\frac{x\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2y\left(x+1\right)^3-1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}-19+x=\frac{2y\left(x+1\right)^3-1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}-20+\left(x+1\right)=\frac{x\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\)
Dat:\(x+1=a\Rightarrow\frac{\left(2y+1\right)a^3-20a^2-1}{a^2}=\frac{a^2-1}{a^2}\Leftrightarrow\left(2y+1\right)a^3-20a^2-1=a^2-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2y+1\right)a^3-20a^2=a^2\Leftrightarrow\left(2ay+a\right)-20=1\left(coi:x=-1cophailanghiemko\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2ay+a=21\Leftrightarrow a\left(2y+1\right)=21\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(2y+1\right)=21\)
a) Với bất kì \({x_0} \in \mathbb{R}\), ta có:
\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( { - {x^2}} \right) - \left( { - x_0^2} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{ - \left( {{x^2} - x_0^2} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{ - \left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left( {x + {x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \left( { - x - {x_0}} \right) = - {x_0} - {x_0} = - 2{{\rm{x}}_0}\)
Vậy \(f'\left( x \right) = {\left( { - {x^2}} \right)^\prime } = - 2x\) trên \(\mathbb{R}\).
b) Với bất kì \({x_0} \in \mathbb{R}\), ta có:
\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {{x^3} - 2{\rm{x}}} \right) - \left( {x_0^3 - 2{{\rm{x}}_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{{x^3} - 2{\rm{x}} - x_0^3 + 2{{\rm{x}}_0}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {{x^3} - x_0^3} \right) - 2\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x.{x_0} + x_0^2} \right) - 2\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x.{x_0} + x_0^2 - 2} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \left( {{x^2} + x.{x_0} + x_0^2 - 2} \right) = x_0^2 + {x_0}.{x_0} + x_0^2 - 2 = 3{\rm{x}}_0^2 - 2\)
Vậy \(f'\left( x \right) = {\left( {{x^3} - 2{\rm{x}}} \right)^\prime } = 3{{\rm{x}}^2} - 2\) trên \(\mathbb{R}\).
c) Với bất kì \({x_0} \ne 0\), ta có:
\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\frac{4}{x} - \frac{4}{{{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\frac{{4{x_0} - 4x}}{{x{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{4{x_0} - 4x}}{{x{x_0}\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{ - 4\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)}}{{x{x_0}\left( {x - {x_0}} \right)}}\)
\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{ - 4}}{{x{{\rm{x}}_0}}} = \frac{{ - 4}}{{{x_0}.{x_0}}} = - \frac{4}{{x_0^2}}\)
Vậy \(f'\left( x \right) = {\left( {\frac{4}{x}} \right)^\prime } = - \frac{4}{{{x^2}}}\) trên các khoảng \(\left( { - \infty ;0} \right)\) và \(\left( {0; + \infty } \right)\).
4. (3/4-81)(3^2/5-81)(3^3/6-81)....(3^6/9-81).....(3^2011/2014-81)
mà 3^6/9-81=0 => (3/4-81)(3^2/5-81)....(3^2011/2014-81)=0
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}\dfrac{\sqrt{x+3}-2}{x-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}\dfrac{x-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x+3}+2\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+3}+2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(f\left(1\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^-}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^-}\left(ax+2\right)=a+2\)
Hàm liên tục tại x=1 khi:
\(a+2=\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow a=-\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(f'\left(x\right)=x^2+2x+3a;g'\left(x\right)=x^2-x+a\)
Ta cần tìm a sao cho g'(x) có 2 nghiệm phân biệt \(x_1\)<\(x_2\) và f'(x) có 2 nghiệm phân biệt \(x_3\)<\(x_4\) sao cho
\(x_1\) <\(x_3\)<\(x_2\) <\(x_4\) và \(x_3\)<\(x_1\)<\(x_4\) <\(x_2\) => \(\begin{cases}\Delta'_1=1-3a>0;\Delta'_2=1-4a>0\\f'\left(x_1\right)f'\left(x_2\right)<0\end{cases}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}a<\frac{1}{4}\\f'\left(x_1\right)f'\left(x_2\right)<0\end{cases}\) (*)Ta có : \(f'\left(x_1\right)f'\left(x_2\right)<0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[g'\left(x_1\right)+3x_1+2a\right]\left[g'\left(x_2\right)+3x_2+2a\right]<0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x_1+2a\right)\left(3x_2+2a\right)<0\) \(\Leftrightarrow9x_1x_2+6a\left(x_1+x_2\right)+4a^2=a\left(4a+15\right)<0\) \(\Leftrightarrow-\frac{15}{4}\)<a<0