cho \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) với \(a,b,c\ne0\).Tính giá trị bt;
\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
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\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\) (vì \(a+b+c\ne0\))
<=> \(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\) (nhân cả hai về với hai)
<=> \(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)=0\)
<=> \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
<=> a - b = b - c = c - a = 0 (vì 3 cái đấy đều lớn hơn hoặc bằng 0)
<=> a = b = c
Nên : P = \(\left(2017+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(2017+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(2017+\frac{c}{a}\right)=\left(2017+\frac{a}{a}\right)\left(2017+\frac{a}{a}\right)+\left(2017+\frac{a}{a}\right)\)
\(=\left(2017+1\right)\left(2017+1\right)\left(2017+1\right)=2018.2018.2018=2018^3\)
1) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\\a+b+c\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left(a;b;c\in R\right)\)
Ta có :
\(a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3abc\) (Bất đẳng thức Cauchy)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=1\left(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\right)\)
Thay \(a=b=c\) vào \(P=\dfrac{a^2+2b^2+3c^2}{3a^2+2b^2+c^2}\) ta được
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{6a^2}{6a^2}=1\)
\(3^x=y^2+2y\left(x;y>0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3^x+1=y^2+2y+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3^x+1=\left(y+1\right)^2\left(1\right)\)
- Với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(pt\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow3^0+1=\left(0+1\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2=1\left(vô.lý\right)\)
- Với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(pt\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow3^1+1=\left(1+1\right)^2=4\left(luôn.luôn.đúng\right)\)
- Với \(x>1;y>1\)
\(\left(y+1\right)^2\) là 1 số chính phương
\(3^x+1=\overline{.....1}+1=\overline{.....2}\) không phải là số chính phương
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) không thỏa với \(x>1;y>1\)
Vậy với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) thỏa mãn đề bài
Ta có : \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-c\right)\)
Do : \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) và \(a+b+c\ne0\) nên \(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\)
Dễ dàng suy ra \(a=b=c\).Vậy \(N=\frac{3a^2}{\left(3a\right)^2}=\frac{1}{3}.\)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)(vì \(a+b+c\ne0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(N=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\)
a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
⇔ ( a3 + b3 ) + c3 - 3abc = 0
⇔ ( a + b )3 - 3ab( a + b ) + c3 - 3abc = 0
⇔ [ ( a + b )3 + c3 ] - [ 3ab( a + b ) + 3abc ] = 0
⇔ ( a + b + c )[ ( a + b )2 - ( a + b ).c + c2 ] - 3ab( a + b + c ) = 0
⇔ ( a + b + c )( a2 + 2ab + b2 - ac - bc + c2 - 3ab ) = 0
⇔ ( a + b + c )( a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac ) = 0
⇔ \(\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\end{cases}}\)
Từ đây tự làm tiếp nhé :))
Ta có : \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3\left(a+b\right)c\left(a+b+c\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)[\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3ac-3bc-3ab]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac-3ab-3bc-3ac\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\end{cases}}\)
Để \(N\)có nghĩa thì \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ne0\)
Hay \(a+b+c\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\forall b,c\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall c,a\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Thay \(a=b=c\)vào \(N\), ta có : \(N=\frac{3a^2}{\left(3a\right)^2}=\frac{3a^2}{9a^2}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy \(N=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3c\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{cases}}\)
Nếu \(a=b=c\): \(A=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=2.2.2=8\)
Nếu \(a+b+c=0\):
\(A=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}\)
\(=\frac{\left(-c\right)\left(-a\right)\left(-b\right)}{abc}=-1\)
Bạn ghi đề sai rồi hèn chi giải chả ra!
\(P=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\end{cases}}\)
\(TH1:a+b+c=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=-\left(b+c\right)\\b=-\left(a+c\right)\\c=-\left(a+b\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{a+c}{a}=\frac{-c}{b}.\frac{-a}{c}.\frac{-b}{a}=-1\)
\(TH2:a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a;b\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\forall b;c\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall a;c\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall a;b;c\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\Rightarrow}a=b=c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=1;\frac{b}{c}=1;\frac{c}{a}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)
Vậy .......................
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3bac\)
=>\(\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\)
=>\(\left[\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3\right]-3ba\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)=0\)
=>\(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\)
=>\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
=>\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=0\)
=>a=b=c
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\\\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\\\Rightarrow(a+b)^3+c^3-3ab(a+b)-3abc=0\\\Rightarrow (a+b+c)^3-3(a+b)c(a+b+c)-3ab(a+b+c)=0\\\Rightarrow(a+b+c)[(a+b+c)^2-3(a+b)c-3ab]=0\\\Rightarrow(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca-3ac-3bc-3ab)=0\\\Rightarrow(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca)=0\\\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0(vì.a+b+c\ne0)\\\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\\\Rightarrow(a^2-2ab+b^2)+(b^2-2bc+c^2)+(c^2-2ca+a^2)=0\\\Rightarrow(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0\)
Ta thấy: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\forall b,c\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall a,c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b,c\)
Mà: \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
nên: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Vậy: ...
\(---\)
Các HĐT được sử dụng trong bài:
\(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\)
$\text{#}Toru$
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)(tự nhân lại rồi phân tích)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
+)Xét a+b+c=0\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{b+a}{b}\cdot\dfrac{c+b}{c}\cdot\dfrac{a+c}{a}=\dfrac{-c}{b}\cdot\dfrac{-a}{c}\cdot\dfrac{-b}{a}=-1\)
+Xét \(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow P=2\cdot2\cdot2=8\)