cho \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
Chứng tỏ \(\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d};\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{c-d}{d}\)
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a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}-\dfrac{c}{d}< 0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ad-bc}{bd}< 0\)\(\Leftrightarrow ad-bc< 0\) ( do bc>0) \(\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\) (đpcm)
b) \(ad< bc\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)(đpcm)
Bài 1: Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=k\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=ck\\b=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{ck}{ck+c}=\dfrac{ck}{c\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{b+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{b}{b+d}\)
Bài 1: Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=k\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=ck\\b=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{ck}{ck+c}=\dfrac{ck}{c\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{b+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{b}{b+d}\)
1. Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{ab}{cd},\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{bc}{bd}\)
a) Mẫu chung bd > 0 ( do b > 0, d > 0 ) nên nếu \(\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}\) thì ad < bc
b) Ngược lại, Nếu ad < bc thì \(\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}.\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
Ta có thể viết: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\)
2. a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad< bc\) ( 1 )
Thêm ab vào 2 vế của (1): \(ad+ab< bc+ab\)
\(a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\) ( 2 )
Thêm cd vào 2 vế của (1): \(ad+cd< bc+cd\)
\(d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\) ( 3 )
Từ (2) và (3) ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
Có \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}< =>\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Áp dụng dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\)
<=> \(\left(\dfrac{a}{c}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{b}{d}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2\)
<=> \(\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2\)(1)
Có \(\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)
Áp dụng DTSBN ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)(2)
Từ (1) (2) => đpcm.
a) Ta có : điều đề bài cho:\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{a}{b}+1=\dfrac{c}{d}+1\)
=)\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}+\dfrac{d}{d}\)
=)\(\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)(đpcm)
b) Điều đề bài cho:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{a}{b}-1=\dfrac{c}{d}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{a}{b}-\dfrac{b}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}-\dfrac{d}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{c-d}{d}\)(đpcm)
NHT số 2 :))