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a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{ZnO}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(đk:a,b>0\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=1,5.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Fe2O3 + 6HCl ---> FeCl3 + 3H2O
a-------->6a
ZnO + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
b----->2b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}160a+81b=8,83\\6a+2b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\left(mol\right)\\b=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,04.160=6,4\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnO}=0,03.81=2,43\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, PTHH:
Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 ---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
0,04------>0,12
ZnO + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2O
0,03->0,03
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=\left(0,12+0,03\right).98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,7.100}{30\%}=49\left(g\right)\)
gọi \(x,y\) lần lượt là số \(mol\) của\(CuO\) và \(ZnO\)
số \(mol\) \(HCl\)
\(N=Cm.V=3.0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
lập \(PTHH\) :
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl2+H2O\)
\(x\Rightarrow2x\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl2+H2O\)
\(y\Rightarrow2y\)
theo \(PTP\) , ta có :
\(2x+2y=0,3\) \(\left(1\right)\)
theo đề ra :
\(mCuO+mZnO=80x+81y=12,1\left(g\right)\) \(\left(2\right)\)
từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow80x+81y=12,1\left(g\right)\Rightarrow x=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(2x+2y=0,3\Rightarrow y=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(a,\) \(\%CuO=\dfrac{0,05.80.100}{12,1}=33,06\%\)
\(\%ZnO=\dfrac{0,1.80.100}{12,1}=66,94\%\)
\(b,\) \(CuO+H2SO4\rightarrow CuOSO4+H2O\)
\(0,05\rightarrow0,05\)
\(ZnO+H2SO4\rightarrow ZnSO4+H2O\)
\(0,1\rightarrow0,1\)
\(nH2SO4=0,05+0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(mH2SO4=0,15.98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
\(mddH2SO4=14,7:20=73,5\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1:
\(m_{H_2SO_4.40\%}=200\times40\%=80\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=200-80=120\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4.19,6\%}=\frac{120}{100\%-19,6\%}=149,25\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4.19,6\%}=149,25\times19,6\%=29,253\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=80-29,253=50,747\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
Gọi \(m_{ddNaCl.20\%}=x\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{NaCl.20\%}=20\%x=0,2x\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNaCl.30\%}=y\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{NaCl.30\%}=30\%y=0,3y\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{NaCl.26\%}=300\times26\%=78\left(g\right)\)
Ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=300\\0,2x+0,3y=78\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=120\\y=180\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(m_{ddNaCl.20\%}=120\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNaCl.30\%}=180\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{C_{\%}.m_{dd}}{100\%}=\dfrac{15\%.200}{100\%}=30\left(g\right)\)
mH2SO4 = \(\dfrac{15\%.200}{100\%}\) = 30 (g)