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Bài 1:
1. \(-10x^3y\left(\dfrac{2}{5}x^2y+\dfrac{3}{10}xy^2\right)+3x^4y^3=-4x^5y^2-3x^4y^3+3x^4y^3=-4x^5y^2\)
2.
a. \(A=85^2+170\cdot15+225=85^2+2\cdot85\cdot15+15^2=\left(85+15\right)^2=100^2=10000\)
Vậy A = 10000
b. \(B=20^2-19^2+18^2-17^2+...+2^2-1^2=\left(20^2-19^2\right)+\left(18^2-17^2\right)+...+\left(2^2-1^2\right)=\left(20-19\right)\left(20+19\right)+...+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)=39+35+31+27+23+19+15+11+7+3=\left(39+31+19+11\right)+\left(35+15+23+27\right)+\left(7+3\right)=100+100+10=210\)
Vậy B = 210
c. \(\left(15^4-1\right)\left(15^4+1\right)-3^8\cdot5^8=15^8-1-15^8=-1\)
Vậy C = -1
Bài 2:
Ta có: \(x^2-2x-y^2+1=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-y^2=\left(x-1\right)^2-y^2=\left(x-y-1\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2-2x-y^2+1\right):\left(x-y-1\right)=[\left(x-y-1\right)\left(x+y-1\right)]:\left(x-y-1\right)=x+y-1\)
Vậy \(\left(x^2-2x-y^2+1\right):\left(x-y-1\right)=x+y-1\)
a) \(127^2+146.127+73^2=127^2+2.73.127+73^2=\left(127+73\right)^2=40000\)b) \(9^8.2^8-\left(18^4-1\right)\left(18^4+1\right)=18^8-\left(18^8-1\right)=1\)
c) \(100^2-99^2+98^2-97^2+...+2^2-1^2\)
\(=\left(100-99\right)\left(100+99\right)+\left(98-97\right)\left(98+97\right)+...+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\)\(=100+99+98+97+...+2+1\)
\(=\dfrac{100\left(100+1\right)}{2}=5050\)
d) \(\left(20^2+18^2+16^2+...+4^2+2^2\right)-\left(19^2+17^2+15^2+...+3^2+1^2\right)\) \(=20^2-19^2+18^2-17^2+16^2-15^2+...+4^2-3^2+2^2-1^2\)
\(=\left(20-19\right)\left(20+19\right)+\left(18-17\right)\left(18+17\right)+...+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\)\(=20+19+18+17+...+2+1\)
\(=\dfrac{20\left(20+1\right)}{2}=210\)
e) \(\dfrac{780^2-220^2}{125^2+150.125+75^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(780-220\right)\left(780+220\right)}{\left(125+75\right)^2}=\dfrac{560.1000}{200}=2800\)
Bài 2: Bạn sử dụng các hằng đẳng thức đáng nhớ là ra.
a)
\(x^2+2x+1=(x+1)^2\)
b)
\(1-4x+4x^2=1^2-2.1.2x+(2x)^2=(1-2x)^2\)
c)
\(a^2+9-6a=a^2-2.3.a+3^2=(a-3)^2\)
\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix}
\\
\end{matrix}\right.
1, \(25x^2-10xy+y^2=\left(5x-y\right)^2\)
2, \(8x^3+36x^2y+54xy^2+27y^3=\left(2x+3y\right)^3\)
4, \(\left(a+b+c\right)^3-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
5, \(2x^3+3x^2+2x+3\)
\(=x^2\left(2x+3\right)+2x+3\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)\left(2x+3\right)\)
6, \(x^3z+x^2yz-x^2z^2-xyz^2\)
\(=x^3z-x^2z^2+x^2yz-xy^2\)
\(=xz\left(x^2-xz\right)+xz\left(xy-yz\right)\)
\(=xz\left[x\left(x-z\right)+y\left(x-z\right)\right]\)
\(=xz\left(x+y\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
8, \(x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2+y+y^3\)\(=\left(x+y\right)^3+y\)
9, \(x^2-6x+8\)
\(=x^2-4x-2x+8\)
\(=x\left(x-4\right)-2\left(x-4\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-4\right)\)
10, \(x^2-8x+12\)
\(=x^2-6x-2x+12\)
\(=x\left(x-6\right)-2\left(x-6\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-6\right)\)
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11, \(a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=a^2b-a^2c+b^2c-b^2a+c^2a-c^2b\)
\(=a^2b-ab^2+abc-a^2c+b^2c-abc+ac^2-c^2b\)
\(=ab\left(a-b\right)-ac\left(a-b\right)-bc\left(a-b\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(ab-ac-bc+c^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left[b\left(a-c\right)-c\left(a-c\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\)
12, \(x^3-7x-6\)
\(=x^3-3x^2+3x^2-9x+2x-6\)
\(=x^2\left(x-3\right)+3x\left(x-3\right)+2\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+x+2x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left[x\left(x+1\right)+2\left(x+1\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
13, \(x^4+4\)
\(=x^4+4x^2+4-4x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+2\right)^2-4x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+2\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)\)
14, \(a^4+64\)
\(=a^4+16a^2+64-16a^2\)
\(=\left(a^2+8\right)^2-16a^2\)
\(=\left(a^2-4a+8\right)\left(a^2+4a+8\right)\)
15, \(x^5+x+1\)
\(=x^5-x^2+x^2+x+1\)
\(=x^2\left(x^3-1\right)+x^2+x+1\)
\(=x^2\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+x^2+x+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left[x^2\left(x-1\right)+1\right]\)
16, \(x^5+x-1\)
\(=x^5-x^4+x^3+x^4-x^3+x^2-x^2+x-1\)
\(=x^3\left(x^2-x+1\right)-x^2\left(x^2-x+1\right)-\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(x^3-x^2-1\right)\)
17, \(\left(x^2+x\right)^2-2\left(x^2+x\right)-15\)
\(=\left(x^2+x\right)\left(x^2+x-2\right)-15\)
19, \(\left(x^2+8x+7\right)\left(x^2+8x+15\right)+15\) (*)
Đặt \(x^2+8x+7=a\) ta có:
(*) \(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a+8\right)+15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+8a+15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+3a+5a+15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a+3\right)+5\left(a+3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+3\right)\left(a+5\right)\)
Trả lại biến cũ ta có: (*) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+8x+10\right)\left(x^2+8x+12\right)\)
20, \(\left(x^2+3x+1\right)\left(x^2+3x+2\right)-6\) (*)
Đặt \(x^2+3x+1=a\) ta có:
(*) \(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a+1\right)-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+a-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+3a-2a-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a+3\right)-2\left(a+3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(a+3\right)\)
Trả lại biến cũ ta có: (*) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+3x-1\right)\left(x^2+3x+5\right)\)
a. \(\dfrac{5x+2}{6}-\dfrac{8x-1}{3}=\dfrac{4x+2}{5}-5\)
<=> \(5\left(5x+2\right)-10\left(8x-1\right)=6\left(4x+2\right)-6\cdot5\)
<=> \(25x+10-80x+10=24x+12-30\)
<=> \(25x-80x-24x=12-30-10-10\)
<=> \(-79x=-38\)
<=> \(x=\dfrac{-38}{-79}\)
\(x=\dfrac{38}{79}\)
b. \(x-\dfrac{2x-5}{5}+\dfrac{x+8}{6}=7+\dfrac{x-1}{3}\)
<=> \(30\cdot x-6\left(2x-5\right)+5\left(x+8\right)=30\cdot7+10\left(x-1\right)\)
<=> \(30x-12x+30+5x+40=210+10x-10\)
<=> \(30x-12x+5x-10x=210-10-30-40\)
<=> \(13x=130\)
<=> \(x=\dfrac{130}{13}\)
\(x=10\)
c. \(\dfrac{x+1}{15}+\dfrac{x+2}{7}+\dfrac{x+4}{4}+6=0\)
<=> \(28\left(x+1\right)+60\left(x+2\right)+105\left(x+4\right)+420\cdot6=0\)
<=> \(28x+28+60x+120+105x+420+2520=0\)
<=> \(28x+60x+105x=-28-120-420-2520\)
<=> \(193x=-3088\)
<=> \(x=\dfrac{-3088}{193}\)
\(x=-16\)
d. \(\dfrac{x-342}{15}+\dfrac{x-323}{17}+\dfrac{x-300}{19}+\dfrac{x-273}{21}=10\)
<=> \(6783\left(x-342\right)+5985\left(x-323\right)+5355\left(x-300\right)+4845\left(x-273\right)=101745\cdot10\)
<=> \(6783x-2319786+5985x-1933155+5355x-1606500+4845x-1322685=1017450\)
<=> \(6783x+5985x+5355x+4845x=1017450+2319786+1933155+1606500+1322685\)
<=> \(22968x=8199576\)
<=> \(x=\dfrac{8199576}{22968}\)
\(x=357\)
Ta có : B = 202 - 192 + 182 - 172 + ..... + 22 - 12
=> B = (20 - 19)(20 + 19) + (18 - 17)(18 + 17) + ..... + (2 - 1)(2 + 1)
=> B = 39 + 35 + 31 + ..... + 3
Số số hạng của dãy trên là :
(39 - 3) : 4 + 1 = 10 (số)
Tổng B là :
(39 + 3) x 10 : 2 = 210
Vậy B = 210
Ta có : \(C=\left(15^4-1\right)\left(15^4+1\right)-3^8.5^8\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\left(15^4\right)^2-1-15^8\)
\(\Rightarrow C=15^8-1-15^8\)
=> C = -1
Vậy C = - 1