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21.
a) `2sin(x-30^@)-1=0`
`<=>sin(x-30^@)=1/2`
`<=> sin(x-30^@)=sin30^@`
`<=>[(x-30^@=30^@+k360^@),(x-30^@=180^@-30^@+k360^@):}`
`<=> [(x=60^@+k360^@),(x=180^@+k360^@):}`
b) `5sin^2x+3cosx+3=0`
`<=>5(1-cos^2x)+3cosx+3=0`
`<=>-5cos^2x+3cosx+8=0`
`<=>(cosx+1)(cosx=8/5)=0`
`<=>[(cosx=-1),(cosx=8/5\ (VN)):}`
`<=>x=180^@+k360^@`
22.
`-1<=sin2x<=1`
`<=>2<=3+sin2x<=4`
`=> y_(min)=2 ; y_(max)=4`
\(y=1-cos2x+2sin2x+6=2sin2x-cos2x+7\)
\(y=\sqrt{5}\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{5}}sin2x-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}}cos2x\right)+7\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{5}}=cosa\) với \(a\in\left(0;\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)\)
\(y=\sqrt{5}sin\left(2x-a\right)+7\)
\(\Rightarrow-\sqrt{5}+7\le y\le\sqrt{5}+7\)
24.
\(cos\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)\le1\Rightarrow y\le3.1+1=4\)
\(y_{max}=4\)
26.
\(y=\sqrt{2}cos\left(2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\)
Do \(cos\left(2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\le1\Rightarrow y\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(y_{max}=\sqrt{2}\)
b.
\(\dfrac{1}{2}sinx+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}cosx=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\\x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}=-\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\\x=-\dfrac{\pi}{6}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(y=2sin^2x-sin2x+7=1-cos2x-sin2x+7\)
\(y=8-\left(sin2x+cos2x\right)=8-\sqrt{2}sin\left(2x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\)
Do \(-1\le sin\left(2x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow8+\sqrt{2}\le y\le8-\sqrt{2}\)
\(y_{min}=8-\sqrt{2}\) khi \(sin\left(2x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=1\)
\(y_{max}=8+\sqrt{2}\) khi \(sin\left(2x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=-1\)