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a, \(M=\left[\frac{2}{3a}-\frac{2}{a+1}\left(\frac{a+1}{3a}-a-1\right)\right]:\frac{a-1}{a}\)ĐK : \(a\ne\pm1;0\)
\(=\left[\frac{2}{3a}-\frac{2}{a+1}\left(\frac{a+1-3a^2-3a}{3a}\right)\right]:\frac{a-1}{a}\)
\(=\left[\frac{2}{3a}-\frac{2}{a+1}\left(\frac{-3a^2-2a+1}{3a}\right)\right]:\left(\frac{a-1}{a}\right)\)
\(=\left[\frac{2}{3a}+\frac{2}{a+1}.\frac{\left(a+1\right)\left(3a-1\right)}{3a}\right]:\left(\frac{a-1}{a}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{2}{3a}+\frac{2\left(3a-1\right)}{3a}\right):\left(\frac{a-1}{a}\right)=\frac{2a}{a-1}\)
b, Để P nguyên \(\frac{2a}{a-1}=\frac{2\left(a-1\right)+2}{a-1}=2+\frac{2}{a-1}\)
Vì 2 nguyên nên \(\frac{2}{a-1}\)cũng phải nguyên
\(\Rightarrow a-1\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2\right\}\)
| a - 1 | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 |
| a | 2 ( tm ) | 0 ( tm ) | 3 (tm ) | -1 (tm) |
c, Ta có : \(P\le1\Rightarrow\frac{2a}{a-1}\le1\Leftrightarrow\frac{2a}{a-1}-1\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+1}{a-1}\le0\)mà a + 1 > a - 1
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+1\ge0\\a-1\le0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a\ge-1\\a\le1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow-1\le}a\le1}\)
Kết hợp với đk vậy \(-1< a< 1;a\ne0\)thì \(P\le1\)
Xí trước phần b
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{abc}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{abc}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a^2b+ca^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2c+ab^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2a+bc^2}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2b^2c+a^2bc^2}+\frac{c^2a^2}{ab^2c^2+a^2b^2c}+\frac{a^2b^2}{a^2bc^2+ab^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{ca+bc}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=1\)
Cách làm khác của phần b ngắn gọn hơn:)
Ta có; \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{ca+bc}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
\(=\left[\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{a^2+a+1}+\dfrac{2a^2-4a-1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a-1}\right]:\dfrac{2a}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3-3a^2+3a-1+2a^2-4a-1+a^2+a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2a}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3-1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2a}=\dfrac{3}{2a}\)
a) \(ĐK:a\ne1;a\ne0\)
\(A=\left[\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{3a+\left(a-1\right)^2}-\frac{1-2a^2+4a}{a^3-1}+\frac{1}{a-1}\right]:\frac{a^3+4a}{4a^2}=\left[\frac{a^2-2a+1}{a^2+a+1}-\frac{1-2a^2+4a}{a^3-1}+\frac{a^2+a+1}{a^3-1}\right].\frac{4a^2}{a^3+4a}\)\(=\left[\frac{a^3-3a^2+3a-1}{a^3-1}-\frac{1-2a^2+4a}{a^3-1}+\frac{a^2+a+1}{a^3-1}\right].\frac{4a^2}{a^3+4a}=\frac{a^3-1}{a^3-1}.\frac{4a}{a^2+4}=\frac{4a}{a^2+4}\)
b) Ta có: \(a^2+4\ge4a\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2\right)^2\ge0\)
Khi đó \(\frac{4a}{a^2+4}\le1\)
Vậy MaxA = 1 khi x = 2
9) bài này nhiều cách thay lắm. chả biết cách nào nhanh hơn.
ĐK : ...
\(N=\frac{a+x+1}{a+x}:\frac{a^2+ax-a}{a+x}.\left[\frac{2ax-1+\left(a^2+x^2\right)}{2ax}\right]\)
\(N=\frac{a+x+1}{a+x}.\frac{a+x}{a\left(a+x-1\right)}.\frac{\left(a+x\right)^2-1}{2ax}\)
\(N=\frac{a+x+1}{a\left(a+x-1\right)}.\frac{\left(a+x-1\right)\left(a+x+1\right)}{2ax}\)
\(N=\frac{\left(a+x+1\right)^2}{2a^2x}=\frac{\left(a+1+\frac{1}{a-1}\right)^2}{\frac{2a^2}{a-1}}\)
\(N=\frac{\left(\frac{\left(a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)+1}{a-1}\right)^2}{\frac{2a^2}{a-1}}=\frac{\left(\frac{a^2}{a-1}\right)^2}{\frac{2a^2}{a-1}}=\frac{\frac{a^4}{\left(a-1\right)^2}}{\frac{2a^2}{a-1}}=\frac{a^2}{2\left(a-1\right)}\)
10) \(3a^2+3b^2=10ab\Leftrightarrow3a^2-10ab+3b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3a^2-9ab\right)-\left(ab-3b^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a\left(a-3b\right)-b\left(a-3b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3a-b\right)\left(a-3b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}3a=b\\a=3b\left(loai-vi-b>a>0\right)\end{cases}}\)
Thay 3a = b vào biểu thức, ta có :
\(P=\frac{a-b}{a+b}=\frac{a-3a}{a+3a}=\frac{-2a}{4a}=\frac{-1}{2}\)
a) \(A=\left(1+\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}\right).\frac{1+\frac{a}{b+c}}{1-\frac{a}{b+c}}.\frac{b^2+c^2-\left(b-c\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)
\(=\frac{2bc+b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}.\frac{\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}}{\frac{b+c-a}{b+c}}.\frac{b^2+c^2-b^2+2bc-c^2}{a+b+c}\)
\(=\frac{\left(b+c+a\right)\left(b+c-a\right)}{2bc}.\frac{a+b+c}{b+c-a}.\frac{2bc}{a+b+c}\)
\(=a+b+c\)
b) \(B=\frac{\frac{3a}{a+b}}{\frac{2a}{a^2-2ab+b^2}}\)\(=\frac{3a}{a+b}.\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{2a}=\frac{3\left(a-b\right)^2}{2\left(a+b\right)}\)
c) \(C=\frac{\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}}{\frac{a}{b}-\frac{b}{a}}:\frac{\frac{a^2}{b^2}-\frac{b^2}{a^2}}{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}}{\frac{a^2-b^2}{ab}}:\frac{\frac{a^4-b^4}{a^2b^2}}{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2b^2}}\)
\(=\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2-b^2}.\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^4-b^4}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+2\right)\left(a-1\right)}{a^n\left(a-3\right)}.\left[\frac{\left(a+2-a\right)\left(a+2+a\right)}{4\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}-\frac{3}{a.\left(a-1\right)}\right]\) (Đk : x khác 0 ; 3 ; - 1 ; 1
\(=\frac{\left(a+2\right)\left(a-1\right)}{a^n\left(a-3\right)}.\left[\frac{4\left(a+1\right)}{4\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}-\frac{3}{a\left(a-1\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+2\right)\left(a-1\right)}{a^n\left(a-3\right)}.\left[\frac{1}{a-1}-\frac{3}{a\left(a-1\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+2\right)\left(a-1\right)}{a^n\left(a-3\right)}.\frac{a-3}{a\left(a-1\right)}=\frac{a+2}{a^{n+1}}\)
a/ đk: a\(\ne b\), b\(\ne0,a\ne-b\)
= \(\frac{a\left(a-b\right)-a^2-b^2}{a-b}.\frac{a+b+2b}{b\left(a+b\right)}\)
= \(\frac{a^2-ab-a^2-b^2}{a-b}.\frac{a+3b}{b\left(a+b\right)}\)
= \(\frac{-ab-b^2}{a-b}.\frac{a+3b}{b\left(a+b\right)}\)
= \(\frac{-b\left(a+b\right)\left(a+3b\right)}{b\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
= \(\frac{-a-3b}{a-b}\)
b/ đk: a\(\ne0,a\ne\pm3\)
= \(\left[\frac{3a+1}{a\left(a-3\right)}+\frac{3a-1}{a\left(a+3\right)}\right].\frac{\left(a-3\right)\left(a+3\right)}{a^2+1}\)
= \(\frac{\left(3a+1\right)\left(a+3\right)+\left(3a-1\right)\left(a-3\right)}{a\left(a-3\right)\left(a+3\right)}.\frac{\left(a-3\right)\left(a+3\right)}{a^2+1}\)
= \(\frac{6a^2+6}{a\left(a-3\right)\left(a+3\right)}.\frac{\left(a-3\right)\left(a+3\right)}{a^2+1}\)
= \(\frac{6\left(a^2+1\right)\left(a-3\right)\left(a+3\right)}{a\left(a^2+1\right)\left(a-3\right)\left(a+3\right)}\)
= \(\frac{6}{a}\)