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E1
1. Before I passed the exam, I had worked very hard for it
2. After I had considered what to study, I decided to major in maths
3. After she had written a letter, she went to bed
4. After he had checked the price, he bought a radio
5. After they had argued, they fought
6. Before she had a fatal accident, she had gone out for a walk
7. After she had faced the matter, she decided to go away
8. Before we wrote the assignment, we had read the book
9. After she had watched the film, she wrote a report
Hành động xảy ra trước một hành động trong quá khứ -> S + HAD + V phân từ II
E2
1. Swimming every day is a good way of keeping fit.
2. Learning a foreign language takes a long time
3. Growing your own food is less expensive
4. Sitting in one place for so long is uncomfortable
5. Smoking is not allowed here
Chủ ngữ là một danh động từ (gerund) -> ĐỘNG TỪ Ở HIỆN TẠI CHIA SỐ ÍT
E1
1. Before I passed the exam, I had worked very hard for it
2. After I had considered what to study, I decided to major in maths
3. After she had written a letter, she went to bed
4. After he had checked the price, he bought a radio
5. After they had argued, they fought
6. Before she had a fatal accident, she had gone out for a walk
7. After she had faced the matter, she decided to go away
8. Before we wrote the assignment, we had read the book
9. After she had watched the film, she wrote a report
Hành động xảy ra trước một hành động trong quá khứ -> S + HAD + V phân từ II
E2
1. Swimming every day is a good way of keeping fit.
2. Learning a foreign language takes a long time
3. Growing your own food is less expensive
4. Sitting in one place for so long is uncomfortable
5. Smoking is not allowed here
Chủ ngữ là một danh động từ (gerund) -> ĐỘNG TỪ Ở HIỆN TẠI CHIA SỐ ÍT
Relative clauses replaced by participles and to infinitives
1. The street which leads to the school is very wide
-> The street leading to the school is very wide
2. The system which is used here is very succesful
-> The system used here is very successful.
3. John, who teaches my son, is my neighbor
-> John teaching my son is my neighbor
4. Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London
-> Trains leaving from this station take an hour to get to London
5. The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam
-> The candicates sitting for the exams are all from Vietnam
6. We are driving on the road which was built in 1980
-> We are driving on the road built in1980
7. Customers who complain about the service should see the manager
-> Customers complaining about the service should see the manager
8. The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt
-> The city destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt
9. My brother, who met you yesterday, works for a big firm
-> My brother meeting you yesterday works for a big firm
10. The vegetable which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals
-> The vegetable sold in this shop are grown without chemicals
1. The United States consists of fifty states. Each of them has its own government -> The United States consists of fifty states, each of which has its own government
2. I saw a lot of new people at the party. Some of them seemed familia -> I saw a lot of new people at the party, some of whom seemed familiar
3. The concert was boring. I listened to it last weekend -> The concert which/that I listened to last weekend was boring
4. I like the village. I used to live in it. -> I like the village which I used to live in
5. The little girl has gone. I borrowed this pen from her. -> The litte girl whom I borrowed this pen from has gone
6. The knife is very sharp. We cut breat with it. -> The knife which we cut bread with is very sharp
7. The speech was great. We listened to it last night. -> The speech which we listened to last night was great
8. That's the woman. Jim used to be married to her. -> That's the woman whom Jim used to be married to
9. The boy is poor. I lent my money to him. -> The boy whom I lent my money to is poor
1. Please,don't mention this matter to the children!
-> Would you mind not mentioning this matter to the children?
2. The clerk was stealing the money. The manager caught him that time
-> the manager caught the clerk who was stealing the money that time
3. Do you want to go out for a cup of coffee?
-> Do you feel like going out for a cup of coffee?
4. She really doesn't want you to call her your "old lady"
-> She objects to you calling her your ‘’old lady’’
5. Nobody has mowed the lawn for weeks
-> The lawn hasn’t been mowed for weeks
6. "I'm sorry I didn't let you know about the change" Paul said to Carol
-> Paul apologized to Carol for not letting her know about the change
7. "I must see my lawyer" the woman insisted
-> The woman insisted on seeing her lawyer
8. "Thanks. It was very kind of you to show me the way" she said to me
-> She thanked me for showing her the way
9. When you phoned me, it was my lunch time
-> When you phoned me, I was having lunch
10. "Harry, can you remember to buy some chocolate" Sally said to Harry
-> Sally reminded Harry to buy some chocolate
11. How long have Pauline and David been married?
-> When did Pauline and David get married?
12. Our team didn't lose the match thank to the goalkeeper
-> If it hadn’t been for the goalkeeper’s help, our team would have been lost
13. He can't do a teaching job because of his lack of patience
-> If he were patient, he could do a teaching job
14. Keep your feet warm or you'll catch a cold!
-> Unless you keep your feet warm, you’ll catch a cold
15. Please let me know, if you get any news about Tim!
-> Should you get any news about Tim, please let me know
16. Don't worry if you can't answer all the questions
-> It doesn't matter if you can't answer all the questions
17. We really need a new washing machine
-> What we really need ia a new washing machine
19. No one can use this machine without permission
-> This machine can’t be used without permission
20. We won't get to the airport on time without taking a taxi
-> Unless we take a taxi, we won’t get to the airport on time
21. Have you got a smaller size than this?
-> Is this the smallest size you have?
22. I've never flown in a balloon before
-> This is the first time I have flown in a balloon
23. I went on holiday with the people. They were very friendly
-> The people with whom I went on holiday were very friendly
24. She sent me a nice present. I was very grateful for it
-> She sent me a nice present for which I was very grateful
25. I sat next to a boy in the exam. He didn't understand most of the questions
-> The boy whom I sat next to in the exam didn't understand most of the questions
26. My younger brother finds origami interesting
-> My younger brother is interested in origami
27. The beach of this town is very famous
-> This town is famous for the beach
28. I've never enjoyed myself so much
-> I've never had so much enjoyment
29. I had left my bicycle at the gate and then it had disappeared
-> My bicycle which I had left at the gate had disappeared
RELATIVE CLAUSES: Use Who/whom/which/ that/ whose/ where/ when or why to combine these sentences.
1. The man is a lawyer. My parents bought his house.
The man whose house my parents bought is a lawyer
2. Can you understand the question? She has asked you the question three times.
Can you understand the question which she has asked you three times
3. The street is very nice. It leads to my school.
The street which leads to my school is very nice
4. The doctor isn't here today. You spoke to him yesterday.
The doctor whom you spoke to yesterday isn't here today
6. This is Mr Smith. His son plays in our team.
This is Mr Smith , whose son plays in our team
7. Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other.
Romeo and Juliet , whose parents hated each other, were lovers
8. My brother wants to meet you. You talked to him at my birthday party.
My brother whom you talked to at my birthday partt wants to meet you
9. Do you remember this present? You gave it to me when I graduated from university.
Do you remember this present , which you gave to me when I graduated from university ?
10. I would like to come back to my high school. I had studied in that school for 5 years.
I would like to come back to my high school where I had studied for 5 years
12. They're the people. Their shop burned down last week.
They're the people whose shop burned down last week.
13. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year.
This is Mrs. Jones , whose son won the championship last year.
14. The winner, Ross Rebagliati, lives in Whistler, BC. Many young snowboarders admire him.
The winner, Ross Rebagliati , whom many young snowboarders admire , lives in Whistler, BC.
15. John didn't study for the exam. That was a very stupid thing to do.
John didn't study for the exam which was a very stupid thing to do
16. I like the town. You live there.
I like the town where you live
17. My parents send their best wishes. You met them last month.
My parents whom you met last month send their best wishes
18. Their parents are anxious about their children. The children come back late
Their parents are anxious about their children who come back late
19. The architect designed these flats. He has moved to HCM City.
The architect who has moved to HCM City designed these flats.
20. The boy gave his parents big hugs before he left. He went abroad to study.
They boy who went abroad to study gave his parents big hugs before he left.
#Yumi
Using relative clause1. The woman spoke to me. She was very helpful -> The woman who was very helpful, spoke to me
2. The man is professor. He's going to give a lecture to our students -> The man is going to give a lecture to our students, is professor
3. The artists performed many wonderful shows. We met them yesterday -> The artists whom we met yesterday, performed many wonderful shows
5. She found a dog. Its leg was broken-> She found a dog whose leg was broken
6. They are the children. Their team won the match -> They are the children whose team won the match
7. My brother is very kind to everyone. You met his wife last week . -> My brother whom you met his wife last week, is very kind to everyone
8. Those books belong to Ann. They are on the table -> Those books which are on the table, belong to ann
9. Tom is very careless. He lost his watch yesterday-> Tom
who lost his watch yesterday, is very careless
10. I don't like the stories. They have unhappy endings => I don't like the stories which have unhappy endings
relative pronouns or relative adverbs
1. They should go to Dalat in January. The weather is very good for their health then => They should go to Dalat in January when the weather is very good for their health than
2. Mrs.Brown is the only woman. He wants to meet her => mrs brown who he wants to meet is the only woman
3. The flowers were very nice. Your sister bought them yesterday => the flowers which your sister bought yesterday were very nice
relative pronouns or relative adverbs
1. They should go to Dalat in January. The weather is very good for their health then => They should go to Dalat in January, when the weather is very good for their health
2. Mrs.Brown is the only woman. He wants to meet her => Mrs.Brown is the only woman that he wants to meet
3. The flowers were very nice. Your sister bought them yesterday => The flowers that your sister bought yesterday were very nice