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Xét bài toán phụ sau:
Nếu \(a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}}=\left|\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right|\) \(\left(a,b,c\ne0\right)\)
Thật vậy
Ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2-2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2-2\cdot\frac{a+b+c}{abc}}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2-2\cdot\frac{0}{abc}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}=\left|\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right|\)
Bài toán được chứng minh
Quay trở lại, ta sẽ áp dụng bài toán phụ vào bài chính:
Ta có: \(P=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}}+...+\sqrt{\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{779^2}+\frac{1}{801^2}}\)
Vì \(2+1+\left(-3\right)=0\) nên:
\(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{\left(-3\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2}=\frac{1}{2}+1-\frac{1}{3}\)
Tương tự ta tính được:
\(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}\) ; ... ; \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{799^2}+\frac{1}{801^2}}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{799}-\frac{1}{801}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{1}{2}+1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{799}-\frac{1}{801}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\cdot400+\left(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{799}-\frac{1}{801}\right)\)
\(=200+\frac{800}{801}=\frac{161000}{801}=\frac{a}{b}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=161000\\b=801\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q=161000-801\cdot200=800\)
ai nay dung kinh nghiem la chinh
cau a)
ta thay \(10+6\sqrt{3}=\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)^3\)
\(6+2\sqrt{5}=\left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)^2\)
khi do \(x=\frac{\sqrt[3]{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^3}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{\sqrt{\left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)^2}-\sqrt{5}}\)
\(x=\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{1+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{5}}\)
\(x=\frac{3-1}{1}=2\)
suy ra
x^3-4x+1=1
A=1^2018
A=1
b)
ta thay
\(7+5\sqrt{2}=\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)^3\)
khi do
\(x=\sqrt[3]{\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)^3}-\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)^3}}\)
\(x=1+\sqrt{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}=\frac{\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)^2-1}{1+\sqrt{2}}=\frac{2+2\sqrt{2}}{1+\sqrt{2}}\)
x=2
thay vao
x^3+3x-14=0
B=0^2018
B=0
a) Thay x = 25 vào biểu thức A , ta có
\(A=\frac{5-2}{5-1}=\frac{3}{4}\)
b) \(B=\frac{x-5}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}-\frac{2\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}+\frac{4\sqrt{x}+4}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(B =\frac{x+1+2\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(B =\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
a, Ta có : \(x=25\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=5\)
Thay vào biểu thức A ta được :
\(A=\frac{5-2}{5-1}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy với x = 25 thì A = 3/4
b, Với \(x\ge0;x\ne1\)
\(B=\frac{x-5}{x-1}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}+1}+\frac{4}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\frac{x-5-2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)+4\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x-1}=\frac{x-5-2\sqrt{x}+2+4\sqrt{x}+4}{x-1}\)
\(=\frac{x+1+2\sqrt{x}}{x-1}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}\pm1\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
c, Ta có P = A/B hay \(P=\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}-1}.\frac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(\sqrt{P}< \frac{1}{2}\)hay \(\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}}< \frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}< \frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}-\frac{1}{4}< 0\Leftrightarrow\frac{4\sqrt{x}-8-\sqrt{x}-1}{4\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt{x}-9>0\)do \(4\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x}>9\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}>3\Leftrightarrow x>9\)
\(a,ĐKXĐ:\hept{\begin{cases}a\ge0,\sqrt{a}\ne0\\\sqrt{a}-1\ne0\\\sqrt{a}-2\ne0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a>0\\a\ne1\\a\ne4\end{cases}}}\)
\(b,\)Rút gọn : \(Q=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}-1}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\right):\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-2}-\frac{\sqrt{a}+2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)
\(Q=\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\right):\left(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}-\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}\right)\)
\(Q=\frac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}:\frac{a^2-1-a^2+4}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}\)
\(Q=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}:\frac{3}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}\)
\(Q=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}.\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}{3}\)
\(Q=\frac{\sqrt{a}-2}{3\sqrt{a}}\)
c, bn thay vào rồi tính nha