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\(\int\left(\frac{1}{x}-2x\right)dx=ln\left|x\right|-x^2+C\)
\(\int cos2xdx=\frac{1}{2}sin2x+C\)
\(\int\frac{1}{x^2-4x+4}dx=\int\frac{d\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)^2}=-\frac{1}{\left(x-2\right)}+C=\frac{1}{2-x}+C\)
\(\int\limits^4_1\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}dx=\sqrt{x}|^4_1=\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{1}=1\)
\(I=\int\limits^1_0\left(2x+1\right)e^xdx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=2x+1\\dv=e^xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=2dx\\v=e^x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\left(2x+1\right)e^x|^1_0-\int\limits^1_02e^xdx=3e-1-2e^x|^1_0=e+3\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(A=\int \frac{x\sin x+\cos x}{x^2-\cos ^2x}dx=\int \frac{(\cos x-x)+x(\sin x+1)}{x^2-\cos ^2x}dx\)
\(=-\int \frac{dx}{\cos x+x}+\int \frac{x(\sin x+1)}{x^2-\cos ^2x}dx=-\int \frac{dx}{x+\cos x}+\frac{1}{2}\int (\sin x+1)\left(\frac{1}{x-\cos x}+\frac{1}{x+\cos x}\right)dx\)
\(=-\int \frac{dx}{x+\cos x}+\frac{1}{2}\int (\sin x+1)\frac{dx}{x-\cos x}+\frac{1}{2}\int (\sin x-1)\frac{dx}{x+\cos x}+\int \frac{dx}{x+\cos x}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\int (\sin x+1)\frac{dx}{x-\cos x}+\frac{1}{2}\int (\sin x-1)\frac{dx}{x+\cos x}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{d(x-\cos x)}{x-\cos x}+\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{-d(x+\cos x)}{x+\cos x}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\ln |x-\cos x|-\frac{1}{2}\ln |x+\cos x|+c\)
Xét biểu thức $B$
\(B=\int \frac{\ln x-1}{x^2-\ln ^2x}dx=\int \frac{(\ln x-x)+(x-1)}{x^2-\ln ^2x}dx\)
\(=-\int \frac{dx}{x+\ln x}+\int \frac{x-1}{x^2-\ln ^2x}dx=-\int \frac{dx}{x+\ln x}+\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{(x-1)}{x}\left(\frac{1}{x-\ln x}+\frac{1}{x+\ln x}\right)dx\)
\(=-\int \frac{dx}{x+\ln x}+\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{1}{x-\ln x}.\frac{x-1}{x}dx+\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{1}{x+\ln x}.\frac{x-1}{x}dx\)
\(=-\int \frac{dx}{x+\ln x}+\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{1}{x-\ln x}.\frac{x-1}{x}dx-\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{1}{x+\ln x}.\frac{1+x}{x}dx+\int \frac{dx}{x+\ln x}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{1}{x-\ln x}.\frac{x-1}{x}dx-\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{1}{x+\ln x}.\frac{1+x}{x}dx\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{d(x-\ln x)}{x-\ln x}-\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{d(x+\ln x)}{x+\ln x}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\ln |x-\ln x|-\frac{1}{2}\ln |x+\ln x|+c\)
a)
Đặt \(u=\sqrt{x-3}\Rightarrow x=u^2+3\)
\(I_1=\int (2x-3)\sqrt{x-3}dx=\int (2u^2+3)ud(u^2+3)=2\int (2u^2+3)u^2du\)
\(\Leftrightarrow I_1=4\int u^4du+6\int u^2du=\frac{4u^5}{5}+2u^3+c\)
b)
\(I_2=\int \frac{xdx}{\sqrt{(x^2+1)^3}}=\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{d(x^2+1)}{\sqrt{(x^2+1)^2}}\)
Đặt \(u=\sqrt{x^2+1}\). Khi đó:
\(I_2=\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{d(u^2)}{u^3}=\int \frac{udu}{u^3}=\int \frac{du}{u^2}=\frac{-1}{u}+c\)
c)
\(I_3=\int \frac{e^xdx}{e^x+e^{-x}}=\int \frac{e^{2x}dx}{e^{2x}+1}=\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{d(e^{2x}+1)}{e^{2x}+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow I_3=\frac{1}{3}\ln |e^{2x}+1|+c=\frac{1}{2}\ln|u|+c\)
d)
\(I_4=\int \frac{dx}{\sin x-\sin a}=\int \frac{dx}{2\cos \left ( \frac{x+a}{2} \right )\sin \left ( \frac{x-a}{2} \right )}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow I_4=\frac{1}{\cos a}\int \frac{\cos \left ( \frac{x+a}{2}-\frac{x-a}{2} \right )dx}{2\cos \left ( \frac{x+a}{2} \right )\sin \left ( \frac{x-a}{2} \right )}=\frac{1}{\cos a}\int \frac{\cos \left ( \frac{x-a}{2} \right )dx}{2\sin \left ( \frac{x-a}{2} \right )}+\frac{1}{\cos a}\int \frac{\sin \left ( \frac{x+a}{2} \right )dx}{2\cos \left ( \frac{x+a}{2} \right )}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow I_4=\frac{1}{\cos a}\left ( \ln |\sin \frac{x-a}{2}|-\ln |\cos \frac{x+a}{2}| \right )+c\)
e)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x}\Rightarrow x=t^2\)
\(I_5=\int t\sin td(t^2)=2\int t^2\sin tdt\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=t^2\\ dv=\sin tdt\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=2tdt\\ v=-\cos t\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_5=-2t^2\cos t+4\int t\cos tdt\)
Tiếp tục nguyên hàm từng phần \(\Rightarrow \int t\cos tdt=t\sin t+\cos t+c\)
\(\Rightarrow I_5=-2t^2\cos t+4t\sin t+4\cos t+c\)
\(I=\int\dfrac{x}{1-cos2x}dx=\int\dfrac{x}{2sin^2x}dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\dfrac{x}{2}\\dv=\dfrac{1}{sin^2x}dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{dx}{2}\\v=-cotx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{-x.cotx}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\int cotxdx=\dfrac{-x.cotx}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{cosx.dx}{sinx}\)
\(=\dfrac{-x.cotx}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{d\left(sinx\right)}{sinx}=\dfrac{-x.cotx}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|sinx\right|+C\)
2/ Câu 2 bữa trước làm rồi, bạn coi lại nhé
3/ \(I=\int\left(2x+1\right)ln^2xdx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=ln^2x\\dv=\left(2x+1\right)dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{2lnx}{x}dx\\v=x^2+x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\left(x^2+x\right)ln^2x-\int\left(2x+2\right)lnxdx=\left(x^2+x\right)ln^2x-I_1\)
\(I_1=\int\left(2x+2\right)lnx.dx\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=\left(2x+2\right)dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{dx}{x}\\v=x^2+2x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_1=\left(x^2+2x\right)lnx-\int\left(x+2\right)dx=\left(x^2+2x\right)ln-\dfrac{x^2}{2}+2x+C\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\left(x^2+x\right)ln^2x-\left(x^2+2x\right)lnx+\dfrac{x^2}{2}-2x+C\)
4/ \(I=\int\left(2x-1\right)cosx.dx\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=2x-1\\dv=cosx.dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=2dx\\v=sinx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\left(2x-1\right)sinx-2\int sinx.dx=\left(2x-1\right)sinx+2cosx+C\)
5/ \(I=\int\left(x^2+x+1\right)e^xdx\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=x^2+x+1\\dv=e^xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\left(2x+1\right)dx\\v=e^x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\left(x^2+x+1\right)e^x-\int\left(2x+1\right)e^xdx\)
\(I_1=\int\left(2x+1\right)e^xdx\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=2x+1\\dv=e^xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=2dx\\v=e^x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_1=\left(2x+1\right)e^x-2\int e^xdx=\left(2x+1\right)e^x-2e^x+C=\left(2x-1\right)e^x+C\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\left(x^2+x+1\right)e^x-\left(2x-1\right)e^x+C=\left(x^2-x+2\right)e^x+C\)
6/ \(I=\int\left(2x+1\right).ln\left(x+2\right)dx\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=ln\left(x+2\right)\\dv=\left(2x+1\right)dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{dx}{x+2}\\v=x^2+x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\left(x^2+x\right)ln\left(x+2\right)-\int\dfrac{x^2+x}{x+2}dx\)
\(=\left(x^2+x\right)ln\left(x+2\right)-\int\left(x-1+\dfrac{2}{x+2}\right)dx\)
\(I=\left(x^2+x\right)ln\left(x+2\right)-\dfrac{x^2}{2}+x-2ln\left|x+2\right|+C\)
Nhớ quy tắc ưu tiên khi tính nguyên hàm từng phần:
- Đặt u sẽ ưu tiên các hàm ln, log đầu tiên (luôn luôn đặt các hàm này là u nếu có mặt), sau đó đến các hàm đa thức P(x), sau đó là lượng giác hoặc e^
- Đặt dv thì theo thứ tự ngược lại, ưu tiên đặt lượng giác (sin, cos) và e^
a) Đặt \(1+\ln x=t\) khi đó \(\frac{dx}{x}=dt\) và do đó
\(I_1=\int\sqrt{t}dt=\frac{2}{3}t^{\frac{3}{2}}+C=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{\left(1+\ln x\right)^3}+C\)
b) Đặt \(\sqrt[4]{e^x+1}=t\) khi đó \(e^x+1=t^4\Rightarrow e^x=t^4-1\) và \(e^xdx=4t^3dt\) , \(e^{2x}dx=e^x.e^xdx=\left(t^4-1\right)4t^3dt\)
Do đó :
\(I_2=4\int\frac{t^3\left(t^4-1\right)}{t}dt=4\int\left(t^6-t^2\right)dt=4\left[\frac{t^7}{7}-\frac{t^3}{3}\right]+C\)
\(=4\left[\frac{1}{7}\sqrt[4]{\left(e^x+1\right)^7}-\frac{1}{3}\sqrt[4]{\left(e^x+1\right)^3}\right]+C\)
c) Lưu ý rằng \(x^2dx=\frac{1}{3}d\left(x^3+C\right)\) do đó :
\(I_3=\int x^2e^{x^{3+6}dx}=\frac{1}{3}\int e^{x^{3+6}}d\left(x^3+6\right)=\frac{1}{3}e^{x^{3+6}}+C\)
a) \(\sin^4x=\left(\sin^2x\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{1-\cos2x}{2}\right)^2\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1-2\cos2x+\cos^22x\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1-2.\cos2x+\dfrac{1+\cos4x}{2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{8}-\dfrac{1}{2}\cos2x+\dfrac{1}{8}\cos4x\)
Vậy:
\(\int\sin^4x\text{dx}=\int\left(\dfrac{3}{8}-\dfrac{1}{2}\cos2x+\dfrac{1}{8}\cos4x\right)\text{dx}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{8}x-\dfrac{1}{4}\sin2x+\dfrac{1}{32}\sin4x+C\)
\(\int\left(3x^2-2x-4\right)dx=x^3-x^2-4x+C\)
\(\int\left(sin3x-cos4x\right)dx=-\dfrac{1}{3}cos3x-\dfrac{1}{4}sin4x+C\)
\(\int\left(e^{-3x}-4^x\right)dx=-\dfrac{1}{3}e^{-3x}-\dfrac{4^x}{ln4}+C\)
d. \(I=\int lnxdx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{dx}{x}\\v=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow u=x.lnx-\int dx=x.lnx-x+C\)
e. Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=x\\dv=e^xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=dx\\v=e^x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=x.e^x-\int e^xdx=x.e^x-e^x+C\)
f.
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=x+1\\dv=sinxdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=dx\\v=-cosx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=-\left(x+1\right)cosx+\int cosxdx=-\left(x+1\right)cosx+sinx+C\)
g.
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{dx}{x}\\v=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2.lnx-\dfrac{1}{2}\int xdx=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2.lnx-\dfrac{1}{4}x^2+C\)