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Lời giải:
Theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT AM-GM thì:
\((a+b+c)^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{3})^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac\leq 1\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}\leq \frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ac}}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{(a+b)(a+c)}}\)
Hoàn toàn TT với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{a}{\sqrt{(a+b)(a+c)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{(b+c)(b+a)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{(c+a)(c+b)}}\)
\(\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{b}{b+a}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{c+b}\right)\) (BĐT Cauchy)
hay \(\text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)(đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Lời giải:
\(a+b+c=abc\Rightarrow a(a+b+c)=a^2bc\)
\(\Rightarrow a(a+b+c)+bc=bc(a^2+1)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(a+c)=bc(a^2+1)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+1=\frac{(a+b)(a+c)}{bc}\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c})\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{ac}{(b+a)(b+c)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{a}{b+a}+\frac{c}{b+c})\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{(c+a)(c+b)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{b+c})\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a})=\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\sqrt{3}$
Ta có BĐT \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right)\ge0\) (đúng)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=1\)
Khi đó áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}\le\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\). Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại:
\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right);\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}=VP\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bu-nhi-a ta có:
\(\sqrt{a^2+1}=\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{4\left(a^2+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\left(a+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.3\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\left(a+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}=\dfrac{a+\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a>0\right)\)
Tương tự ta cũng có: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{2b}{b+\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{2c}{c+\sqrt{3}}\)
=> \(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\)
\(\le2\left(\dfrac{a}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{2b+a+c}+\dfrac{c}{2c+a+b}\right)\) (1)
Áp dụng BĐT phụ: \(\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{x+y}\) ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{2b+a+c}+\dfrac{c}{2c+a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{b}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{a+c}{a+c}+\dfrac{b+a}{a+b}+\dfrac{c+b}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}\) (2)
Từ (1); (2)
=> \(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le2.\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu = xảy ra <=> \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
a) điều kiện xác định : \(a>2;a\ne11\)
ta có : \(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a-2}+2}{3}\right)\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a-2}}{3+\sqrt{a-2}}+\dfrac{a+7}{11-a}\right):\left(\dfrac{3\sqrt{a-2}+1}{a-3\sqrt{a-2}-2}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a-2}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a-2}+2}{3}\right)\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a-2}}{3+\sqrt{a-2}}+\dfrac{a+7}{\left(3+\sqrt{a-2}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{a-2}\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{3\sqrt{a-2}+1}{\sqrt{a-2}\left(\sqrt{a-2}-3\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a-2}}\right)\) \(\Leftrightarrow P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a-2}+2}{3}\right)\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a-2}\left(3-\sqrt{a-2}\right)+a+7}{\left(3+\sqrt{a-2}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{a-2}\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{3\sqrt{a-2}+1-\sqrt{a-2}+3}{\sqrt{a-2}\left(\sqrt{a-2}-3\right)}\right)\) \(\Leftrightarrow P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a-2}+2}{3}\right)\left(\dfrac{3\left(\sqrt{a-2}+3\right)}{\left(3+\sqrt{a-2}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{a-2}\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt{a-2}+4}{\sqrt{a-2}\left(\sqrt{a-2}-3\right)}\right)\) \(\Leftrightarrow P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a-2}+2}{3}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{\left(3-\sqrt{a-2}\right)}\right)\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a-2}\left(\sqrt{a-2}-3\right)}{2\left(\sqrt{a-2}+2\right)}\right)\) \(\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{-\sqrt{a-2}}{2}\)
ta có : \(a+b=\sqrt{2017-a^2}+\sqrt{2017-b^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(\sqrt{2017-a^2}-\sqrt{2017-b^2}\right)=b^2-a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b-a=\sqrt{2017-a^2}-\sqrt{2017-b^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2b=2\sqrt{2017-a^2}\Leftrightarrow b^2=2017-a^2\Rightarrow\left(đpcm\right)\)
Lời giải:
Vì $abc=1$ nên tồn tại $x,y,z$ sao cho : \((a,b,c)=\left(\frac{x}{y}, \frac{y}{z}, \frac{z}{x}\right)\)
Khi đó:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}+\frac{x}{y}+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{z}{y}+\frac{z}{x}+2}}=\frac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{xy+xz+2yz}}+\frac{\sqrt{xz}}{\sqrt{xy+yz+2xz}}+\frac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{xz+yz+2xy}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\text{VT}^2\leq (1+1+1)\left(\frac{yz}{xy+xz+2yz}+\frac{xz}{xy+yz+2xz}+\frac{xy}{xz+yz+2xy}\right)\)
\(\leq 3\left[\frac{yz}{4}\left(\frac{1}{xy+yz}+\frac{1}{xz+yz}\right)+\frac{xz}{4}\left(\frac{1}{xy+xz}+\frac{1}{xz+yz}\right)+\frac{xy}{4}\left(\frac{1}{xz+xy}+\frac{1}{yz+xy}\right)\right]\)
hay \(\text{VT}^2\leq \frac{3}{4}.\left(\frac{xy+yz}{xy+yz}+\frac{xy+xz}{xy+xz}+\frac{yz+xz}{yz+xz}\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z$ hay $a=b=c=1$
Lời giải:
a) Ta thấy: \(a+b-2\sqrt{ab}=(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b})^2\geq 0, \forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b\geq 2\sqrt{ab}>0\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+b}\le \frac{1}{2\sqrt{ab}}\).
Vì $a> b$ nên dấu bằng không xảy ra . Tức \(\frac{1}{a+b}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{ab}}\)
Ta có đpcm
b)
Áp dụng kết quả phần a:
\(\frac{1}{3}=\frac{1}{1+2}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2.1}}\)
\(\frac{1}{5}=\frac{1}{3+2}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2.3}}\)
\(\frac{1}{7}=\frac{1}{4+3}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{4.3}}\)
.....
\(\frac{1}{4021}=\frac{1}{2011+2010}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2011.2010}}\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{3}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{5}+...+\frac{\sqrt{2011}-\sqrt{2010}}{4021}\)
\(< \frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{2\sqrt{2.1}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{2\sqrt{3.2}}+\frac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{2\sqrt{4.3}}+....+\frac{\sqrt{2011}-\sqrt{2010}}{2\sqrt{2011.2010}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2010}}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2011}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2011}}< \frac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)=\left(x^2;y^2;z^2\right)\) với \(x;y;z>0\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
Đặt vế trái của BĐT cần chứng minh là P
Ta có: \(P=\dfrac{1}{x^2+2y^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+2z^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{z^2+2x^2+3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+1\right)+2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)+\left(z^2+1\right)+2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)+\left(x^2+1\right)+2}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2xy+2y+2}+\dfrac{1}{2yz+2z+2}+\dfrac{1}{2zx+2x+2}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy+y+1}+\dfrac{1}{yz+z+1}+\dfrac{1}{zx+x+1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy+y+1}+\dfrac{xyz}{yz+z+xyz}+\dfrac{y}{xyz+xy+y}\right)\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy+y+1}+\dfrac{xy}{y+1+xy}+\dfrac{y}{1+xy+y}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)