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\(\dfrac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}+....+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+2017\right)\left(x+2018\right)}\\ =\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{x+2}+...+\dfrac{1}{x+2017}-\dfrac{1}{x+2018}\\ =\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x+2018}\\ =\dfrac{2018}{x\left(x+2018\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{x+2}+...+\dfrac{1}{x+2016}-\dfrac{1}{x+2017}+\dfrac{1}{x+2017}-\dfrac{1}{x+2018}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x+2018}\)
\(=\dfrac{2018}{x\left(x+2018\right)}\)
Đặt \(2016=a\) biểu thức trên trở thành:
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a^2\left(a+10\right)+31\left(a+1\right)-1\right)\left(a\left(a+5\right)+4\right)}{\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\left(a+3\right)\left(a+4\right)\left(a+5\right)}=\dfrac{A}{B}\)
Với \(B=\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\left(a+3\right)\left(a+4\right)\left(a+5\right)\)
Ta có: \(a^2\left(a+10\right)+31\left(a+1\right)-1=a^3+10a^2+31a+30\)
\(=a^3+5a^2+6a+5a^2+25a+30=a\left(a^2+5a+6\right)+5\left(a^2+5a+6\right)\)
\(=\left(a+5\right)\left(a^2+5a+6\right)=\left(a+5\right)\left(a^2+2a+3a+6\right)\)
\(=\left(a+5\right)\left(a+2\right)\left(a+3\right)\)
Và \(a\left(a+5\right)+4=a^2+5a+4=a^2+a+4a+4=\left(a+1\right)\left(a+4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\left(a+3\right)\left(a+4\right)\left(a+5\right)=B\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{A}{B}=1\)
\(1+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+2\right)+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+2+3\right)+...+\dfrac{1}{2017}\left(1+2+...+2017\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{2.3}{2.2}+\dfrac{3.4}{3.2}+...+\dfrac{2017.2018}{2017.2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{4}{2}+...+\dfrac{2018}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2+3+...+2018\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1014045}{2}\)
1)
\(\dfrac{x-5}{100}+\dfrac{x-4}{101}+\dfrac{x-3}{102}=\dfrac{x-100}{5}+\dfrac{x-101}{4}+\dfrac{x-102}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-5}{100}+1+\dfrac{x-4}{101}+1+\dfrac{x-3}{102}+1=\dfrac{x-100}{5}+1+\dfrac{x-101}{4}+1+\dfrac{x-102}{3}+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-105}{100}+\dfrac{x-105}{101}+\dfrac{x-105}{102}=\dfrac{x-105}{5}+\dfrac{x-105}{4}+\dfrac{x-105}{3}+\dfrac{x-105}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-105}{100}+\dfrac{x-105}{101}+\dfrac{x-105}{102}-\dfrac{x-105}{5}-\dfrac{x-105}{4}-\dfrac{x-105}{3}-\dfrac{x-105}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-105\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{100}+\dfrac{1}{101}+\dfrac{1}{102}-\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow105-x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=105\)
b)
\(\dfrac{29-x}{21}+\dfrac{27-x}{23}+\dfrac{25-x}{25}+\dfrac{23-x}{27}+\dfrac{21-x}{29}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{29-x}{21}+1+\dfrac{27-x}{23}+1+\dfrac{25-x}{25}+1+\dfrac{23-x}{27}+1+\dfrac{21-x}{29}+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{50-x}{21}+\dfrac{50-x}{23}+\dfrac{50-x}{25}+\dfrac{20-x}{27}+\dfrac{50-x}{29}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(50-x\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{21}+\dfrac{1}{23}+\dfrac{1}{25}+\dfrac{1}{27}+\dfrac{1}{29}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow50-x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=50\)
2)
\(\left(5x+1\right)^2=\left(3x-2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|5x+1\right|=\left|3x-2\right|\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}5x+1=3x-2\\5x+1=-3x+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-3}{2}\\x=\dfrac{1}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\left(x+2\right)^3=\left(2x+1\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+6x^2+12x+8=8x^3+12x^2+6x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-7x^3-6x^2+6x+7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-7x^3+7x^2-13x^2+13x-7x+7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-7x^2\left(x-1\right)-13x\left(x-1\right)-7\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(-7x^2-13x-7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\-7x^2-13x-7=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\-7\left(x^2+\dfrac{13}{7}x+1\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\-7\left(x+\dfrac{13}{14}\right)^2-\dfrac{169}{196}=0\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^{2017}\cdot3^{2016}\cdot21=\dfrac{1}{3^{2017}}\cdot3^{2016}\cdot21=\dfrac{3^{2016}}{3^{2017}}\cdot21=\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot21=7\)