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Ta có:
\(n_{CO_2}=\frac{1.12}{22.4}=0.05\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=0.05\times44=2.2\left(g\right)\)
\(X_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2XCl+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(YCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow YCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
Ta thấy
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{CO_2}=2\times0.05=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(m_{HCl}=0.1\times36.5=3.65\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=n_{CO_2}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(m_{H_2O}=0.05\times18=0.9\left(g\right)\)
Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng ta được:
\(m_{XCl+YCl_2}=\left(5.95+3.65\right)-\left(2.2+0.9\right)=9.6-3.1=6.5\left(g\right)\)
1.1. Al + NaOH + H2O ==> NaAlO2 + 3/2H2
nH2(1)=3,36/22,4=0.15(mol)
=> nAl(1)= nH2(1):3/2= 0.15:3/2= 0.1(mol)
2.Mg + 2HCl ==> MgCl2 + H2
3.2Al + 6HCl ==> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
4.Fe + 2HCl ==> FeCl2 + H2
=> \(n_{H_2\left(2,3,4\right)}=\) 10.08/22.4= 0.45(mol)
=> nH2(3)=0.1*3/2=0.15(mol)
MgCl2 + 2NaOH ==> Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
AlCl3 + 3NaOH ==> Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
FeCl2 + 2NaOH ==> Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl
a) \(Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\) (1)
\(2M+2xHCl->2MCl_x+xH_2\) (2)
=> \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.\dfrac{1,008}{22,4}=0,09\left(mol\right)\)
=> mHCl = 0,09.36,5 = 3,285 (g)
Theo ĐLBTKL: \(m_A+m_{HCl}=m_{Muối}+m_{H_2}\)
=> \(m_A=4,575+0,045.2-3,285=1,38\left(g\right)\)
b) Đặt số mol Fe, M là a, b
=> 56a + M.b = 1,38 (***)
(1)(2) => a+ 0,5bx = 0,045 (*)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{46.n_{NO_2}+64.n_{SO_2}}{n_{NO_2}+n_{SO_2}}=50,5\\n_{NO_2}+n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{1,8816}{22,4}=0,084\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NO_2}=0,063\\n_{SO_2}=0,021\end{matrix}\right.\)
Fe0 - 3e --> Fe+3
a---->3a
M0 -xe --> M+x
b-->bx
N+5 +1e--> N+4
___0,063<-0,063
S+6 + 2e --> S+4
___0,042<-0,021
Bảo oàn e: 3a + bx = 0,105 (**)
(*)(**) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,015\\bx=0,06=>b=\dfrac{0,06}{x}\end{matrix}\right.\)
(***) => 0,015.56 + \(M.\dfrac{0,06}{x}\) = 1,38
=> M = 9x (g/mol)
Xét x = 1 => M = 9(L)
Xét x = 2 => M = 18(L)
Xét x = 3 => M = 27(Al)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1(mol)\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ MgO+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{6,4}.100\%=37,5\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{MgO}=100\%-37,5\%=62,5\%\)
\(b,n_{MgO}=\dfrac{6,4-0,1.24}{40}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2.0,1+2.0,1=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,5}=0,8(l)\\ c,n_{MgCl_2}=0,1+0,1=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,8}=0,25M\)
\(a,Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ b,n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,2.56}{12,8}.100\%=87,5\%\\ \%m_{Fe_2O_3}=100\%-87,5\%=12,5\%\\ c,n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{12,8-11,2}{160}=0,01\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Fe}+3n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2+3.0,01=0,23\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,23}{0,46}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
\(M+xHCl\rightarrow MCl_x+\dfrac{x}{2}H_2\)
Giả sử hỗn hợp A tan hết
=> \(n_{HCl}=0,4.1,5=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=36,5.0,6=21,9\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=2.0,3=0,6\left(g\right)\)
Áp dụng định luật bả toàn khối lượng
\(\Rightarrow m_{kl.pu}=m_{muối}+m_{H_2}-m_{HCl}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{kl.pu}=32,7+0,6-21,9=11,4\left(g\right)\)
11,4<13,2 do đó kl không tan hết.
b, \(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,75\left(l\right)\)