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Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentences:
1. I was not surprised to hear that Harry had failed his driving test.
--> It came as no surprise to me that Harry had failed his driving test
2. It was the fog that caused the traffic problem.
--> If it hadn't been for the fog, there wouldn't have been traffic problem
3. Most students can work very hard when they feel like it.
--> Most students are capable of working very hard when they feel like it
4. Scientists have tried very hard to find a cure for this disease.
--> A lot of effort has been made to find a cure for this disease
5. " If I were you, I wouldn't accept his marriage proposal," said Nam to Lan
--> Nam advised Lan not to accept his marriage proposal
The robbers made the bank manager hand over on the money
Nghĩa: Những tên cướp buộc quản lý ngân hàng chuyển giao tất cả tiền mặt
=> The bank manager was made to hand over the money
Nghĩa: Người quản lý ngân hàng bị buộc phải giao hết tiền (cho bọn cướp)
Cấu trúc câu bị động cho thì quá khứ.
Chủ động ở thì quá khứ đơn: \(S+V_{ed}+O\)
Bị động ở thì quá khứ đơn: \(S_2+\)was/ were \(+V_{P_{II}}\) + (By O)
The robbers made the bank manager hand over on the money
=> The bank manager was made to hand over the money
Cấu trúc câu bị động ở quá khứ đơn với động từ "make"
* S+ made + s.o + V_bare s.th
=> S ( lấy từ s.o trg câu chủ động ) + tobe ( was/were ) + V_pp + To V_infinitive + s.th
2 Câu này dịch theo nghĩa thôi
Câu 1 : bạn đã sai để cho phép 1 đứa trẻ đi bộ về nhà 1 mình
câu 2: bạn đã không nên cho phép 1 đứa trẻ đi bộ về nhà 1 mình, vì ở quá khứ nên ta dùng should + have + V3/ed
"Change" ở đây mang nghĩa là tiền lẻ chứ ko phải động từ "đổi, thay đổi" như thông thường. Và câu hỏi có nghĩa "Tôi không nghĩ bạn còn 1 pound lẻ, phải vậy ko?"
1. This computer programmer has a lot of things to do. He cannot go out for lunch.
=> This computer programmer has so..many things to do that he cannot go out for lunch.
2. Mr. Pike has Arranger for his son to study abroad.
=> Mr. Pike has made.his son study abroad..
Not/have/previous/experience/ Petter / not stand/ chance/ job
=> Not having had previous experience, Petter doesn't stand a chance of getting that job
Vế 1: Sử dụng v - ing đặt lên đầu câu + thức hoàn thành having vpii (vì đt vế 1 diễn ra trước vế 2) và đây là thể phủ định
Vế 2: có idiom stand a chance
stand a chance of v-ing: có cơ hội làm gì
He objected to the fact that his secretary came to work late
=> He was annoyed about his secretary coming late to work
* Object to the fact that / object to s.o V_ing s.th : ko thích , phản đối ai làm gì
= tobe annoyed about s.o V_ ing s.th : phền lòng về / phẩn đối ai làm gì
2. But for the weather, I would have been a superb weekend
1. The fund-raisers haven't officially dacided where to send the proceeds of the concert
→ No official decision on where to send the proceeds of the concert has been made by the the fund-raisers.
2. It would have been a superb weekend if the weather had been better
→ But for the bad weather, it would have been a superb weekend.
3. Scientists have tried very hard to find a cure for this disease
-> Enormous effort has been made by scientists to find a cure for this disease.
People have tired very hard to find a cure for this disease
=> A lot of effort has been made to find a cure for this disease
try hard = make (an) effort
Mr. Smith hasn't decided whether to move or not
=> Mr. Smith hasn't made up his mind whether to move or not
decide = make up one's mind
Collocation thôi
1. Dịch : Mọi người đã rất cố gắng để tìm ra cách chữa trị cho căn bệnh này
-> Rất nhiều nỗ lực đã được thực hiện ( bởi mọi người) để tìm ra cách chữa trị cho căn bệnh này.
* try very hard = make every effort = make a lot of effort
-> thay vào :
People have tried very hard to find a cure for this disease.
-> People have made a lot of effort to find a cure for this disease . ( Câu này là vẫn đang chủ động )
-> Bị động : A lot of effort has been made to find a cure for this disease.
2.
* decide = made up one's mind : quyết định
Phần chuyển sang bị động gần giống với câu 1 nha Van quang Ho