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Ta có: \(\frac{x}{2x+y}+\frac{y}{2y+z}+\frac{z}{2z+x}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{y}{4x+2y}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{z}{4y+2z}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{x}{4z+2x}\)
\(=\frac{3}{2}-\left(\frac{y^2}{4xy+2y^2}+\frac{z^2}{4yz+2z^2}+\frac{x^2}{4zx+2x^2}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{3}{2}-\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2x^2+2y^2+2z^2+4xy+4yz+4zx}\)
\(=\frac{3}{2}-\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2}=1\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}=p\\\sqrt{y}=q\\\sqrt{z}=r\end{cases}}\). Khi đó \(\hept{\begin{cases}p+q+r=1\\p,q,r>0\end{cases}}\)
và ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{pq}{\sqrt{p^2+q^2+2r^2}}+\frac{qr}{\sqrt{q^2+r^2+2p^2}}+\frac{rp}{\sqrt{r^2+p^2+2q^2}}\le\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{pq}{\sqrt{p^2+q^2+2r^2}}=\frac{2pq}{\sqrt{\left(1+1+2\right)\left(p^2+q^2+2r^2\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{2pq}{p+q+2r}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{pq}{p+r}+\frac{pq}{q+r}\right)\)(Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và BĐT \(\frac{1}{u}+\frac{1}{v}\ge\frac{4}{u+v}\)) (1)
Hoàn toàn tương tự: \(\frac{qr}{\sqrt{q^2+r^2+2p^2}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{qr}{q+p}+\frac{qr}{r+p}\right)\)(2); \(\frac{rp}{\sqrt{r^2+p^2+2q^2}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{rp}{r+q}+\frac{rp}{p+q}\right)\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{pq}{\sqrt{p^2+q^2+2r^2}}+\frac{qr}{\sqrt{q^2+r^2+2p^2}}+\frac{rp}{\sqrt{r^2+p^2+2q^2}}\)\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{r\left(p+q\right)}{p+q}+\frac{p\left(q+r\right)}{q+r}+\frac{q\left(r+p\right)}{r+p}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(p+q+r\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)(Do p + q + r = 1)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(p=q=r=\frac{1}{3}\)hay \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{9}\)
áp dụng bđt 1/a +1/b >= 4/(a+b) ta đc :....1/ (2x+y+z) <= 1/4(x+y)+1/4(x+z) ; 1/(2y+z+x)<=1/4(y+z)+1/4(x+y) ; 1/(2z+x+y)<=1/4(z+x)+1/4(z+y)
suy ra A (biểu thức đã cho ) <= 1/2(x+y) +1/2(y+z) +1/2(z+x)<= 1/8 . (1/x+1/y) +1/8. (1/y+1/z)+1/8(1/z+1/x) =1/8 . 2. (1/x+1/y+1/z)=1 (áp dụng lại bđt trên)...,suyra đpcm.
dấu ''='' xảy ra <=> x=y=z
Áp dụng công thức \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\left(x,y>0\right)\)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{y+z}\le\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4z}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4z}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{2y}+\frac{1}{4z}\right)\left(2\right)\\\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{2z}\right)\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(x=y=z=\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{3x+3y+2z}=\frac{1}{2\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{x+z+y+z}\le\frac{1}{8\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức : \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)( với x , y > 0 )
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right);\frac{1}{y+z}\le\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4z}\)
Suy ra :
\(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4z}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Tường tự ta có :
\(\frac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{2y}+\frac{1}{4z}\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{2z}\right)\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1) , (2) và (3)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le1\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{3}{4}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
áp dụng bđt schwarts ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2x+1}+\frac{1}{2y+1}+\frac{1}{2z+1}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{2x+2y+2z+3}\ge\frac{9}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\frac{1}{2x+1}+1-\frac{1}{2y+1}+1-\frac{1}{2z+1}\le3-\frac{9}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x}{2x+1}+\frac{2y}{2y+1}+\frac{2z}{2z+1}\le\frac{12}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{2x+1}+\frac{y}{2y+1}+\frac{z}{2z+1}\le\frac{6}{7}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z=2/3