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\(VT=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Dâu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
4) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^4+yz\right)\left(1+1\right)\ge\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{x^4+yz}\le\dfrac{2x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y^2}{y^4+xz}\le\dfrac{2y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}\\\dfrac{z^2}{z^4+xy}\le\dfrac{2z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le2\left[\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)}\right]\)
Chứng minh rằng \(2\left[\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)}\right]\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow x^2+\sqrt{yz}\ge2\sqrt{x^2\sqrt{yz}}=2x\sqrt{\sqrt{yz}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2\ge4x^2\sqrt{yz}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}\le\dfrac{x^2}{4x^2\sqrt{yz}}=\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{yz}}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}\le\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{xz}}\\\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2}\le\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{xy}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le3\)
Theo đề bài ta có \(x^2+y^2+z^2=3xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{yz}+\dfrac{y}{xz}+\dfrac{z}{xy}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le\dfrac{x}{yz}+\dfrac{y}{xz}+\dfrac{z}{xy}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}}{2}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{y}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\) (1)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{yz}+\dfrac{y}{xz}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{z^2}}=\dfrac{2}{z}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y}{xz}+\dfrac{z}{xy}\ge\dfrac{2}{x}\\\dfrac{x}{zy}+\dfrac{z}{xy}\ge\dfrac{2}{y}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{x}{yz}+\dfrac{y}{xz}+\dfrac{z}{xy}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{yz}+\dfrac{y}{xz}+\dfrac{z}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le3\) ( đpcm )
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left[\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)}\right]\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Mà \(VT\le2\left[\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)}\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
3. Ta có :\(x^2\left(1-2x\right)=x.x.\left(1-2x\right)\le\dfrac{\left(x+x+1-2x\right)^3}{27}=\dfrac{1}{27}\)(bđt cô si)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :x=1-2x\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Vậy max của Qlaf 1/27 khi x=1/3
ta có:\(P=\sum\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x\left(y^2+z^2\right)}=\sum\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}}{\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\)
đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y};\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\)thì giả thiết trở thành : \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\).tìm Min \(P=\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{b}{a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}\)
ta có:\(\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{a}{1-a^2}=\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(1-a^2\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cauchy:
\(\left[a\left(1-a^2\right)\right]^2=\dfrac{1}{2}.2a^2\left(1-a^2\right)\left(1-a^2\right)\le\dfrac{1}{54}\left(2a^2+1-a^2+1-a^2\right)^3=\dfrac{4}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(1-a^2\right)\le\dfrac{2}{3\sqrt{3}}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(1-a^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}a^2\)
tương tự với các phân thức còn lại ta có:
\(P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
hay \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=a\\\dfrac{1}{y}=b\\\dfrac{1}{z}=c\end{matrix}\right.\) Thì bài toán trở thành
Cho \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\) tính GTNN của \(P=\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+a^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}\)
Ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=1-c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(1-c^2\right)}\)
Mà ta có: \(2c^2\left(1-c^2\right)\left(1-c^2\right)\le\dfrac{\left(2c^2+1-c^2+1-c^2\right)^3}{27}=\dfrac{8}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow c\left(1-c^2\right)\le\dfrac{2}{3\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(1-c^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}c^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}c^2}{2}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b}{c^2+a^2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}b^2}{2}\left(2\right)\\\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}a^2}{2}\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ (1), (2), (3) \(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\) hay \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-2014}=a\left(a\ge0\right)\\\sqrt{y^2-2014}=b\left(b\ge0\right)\\\sqrt{z^2-2014}=c\left(c\ge0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=2014\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{x^2-2014}=a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2014=a^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2=a^2+2014=a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
Tương tự, ta có:
\(y^2=\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)\)
\(z^2=\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\)
Xét \(A=xyz\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2-2014}}{x^2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y^2-2014}}{y^2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{z^2-2014}}{z^2}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\times\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\times\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}\)
\(\times\left[\dfrac{a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{b}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}+\dfrac{c}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}\right]\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\times\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)\times b\left(c+a\right)\times c\left(b+a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(=2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=4028\)
\(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=8\)
=>\(8xyz=xyz+\sum x+\sum xy+1\)
=>\(\sum x^2+14xyz=\left(\sum x\right)^2+2\sum x+2\)
mặt khác
\(8=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\rightarrow xyz\ge1\)
đặt \(\sum x=a\left(a\ge3\right)\)
khi đó \(P=\dfrac{a^2+2a+2}{4a^2+15xyz}\le\dfrac{a^2+2a+2}{4a^2+15}\)
\(\dfrac{a^2+2a+2}{4a^2+15}=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{\left(a-3\right)^2}{12a^2+45}\le\dfrac{1}{3}\)
vậy max bằng 1/3 khi x=y=z=1
áp dụng
\(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2};\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{[\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}+z^2].\left(\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\right)\)
áp dụng \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge[\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}+z^2].\left(\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(\dfrac{4}{x+y}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\right)=[\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}+z^2].\left(\dfrac{8}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\right)=4+1+\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2z^2}+\dfrac{8z^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=5+\left(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2z^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{2\left(x+y\right)^2}\right)+\dfrac{15z^2}{2\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge5+2.\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{2}}+\dfrac{15\left(x+y\right)^2}{2.\left(x+y\right)^2}=5+1+\dfrac{15}{2}=\dfrac{27}{2}\)
dbxr<=>y=x=z/2>0