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Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+bc}+\dfrac{1}{1+ca}\)
\(A\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{3+ab+bc+ac}=\dfrac{9}{3+ab+bc+ac}\)
Mặt khác,theo hệ quả AM-GM: \(ab+bc+ac\le\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\le\dfrac{3^2}{3}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{9}{3+ab+bc+ac}\ge\dfrac{9}{3+3}=\dfrac{9}{6}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM:
\(\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}+\left(b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\sqrt{a}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{c^2+a^2}+\left(c^2+a^2\right)\ge2\sqrt{b}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}+\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge2\sqrt{c}\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(A+2\ge2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\left(3a+3b+3c\right)^2\ge27\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=27\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\sqrt{27}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\ge\sqrt[4]{27}\)
\(A\ge\sqrt[4]{27}-2\)
5. phân tích ra : \(1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1\)
áp dụng bđ cosy
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}=2\)
=> đpcm
6. \(x^2-x+1=x^2-2.\dfrac{1}{2}.x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>0\)
hay với mọi x thuộc R đều là nghiệm của bpt
7.áp dụng bđt cosy
\(a^4+b^4+c^4+d^4\ge2\sqrt{a^2.b^2.c^2.d^2}=4abcd\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - Si , ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{a}\) ≥ \(2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b^2}.\dfrac{1}{a}}=2.\dfrac{1}{b}\left(a,b>0\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{b}{c^2}+\dfrac{1}{b}\text{ ≥ }2\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c^2}.\dfrac{1}{b}}=2.\dfrac{1}{c}\left(b,c>0\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{c}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{c}\text{≥}2\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a^2}.\dfrac{1}{c}}=2.\dfrac{1}{a}\left(a,c>0\right)\left(3\right)\)
Từ ( 1 ; 2 ; 3) Ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{b^2}+\dfrac{b}{c^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\) ≥ \(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
⇔\(\dfrac{a}{b^2}+\dfrac{b}{c^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2=9^2\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge9\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
Lại có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\forall a,b,c\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ac\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac\le3\)
Bất đẳng thức ban đầu tương đương với:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(c^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(c^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b^2+1\right)+b\left(c^2+1\right)+c\left(a^2+1\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\left(b^2+1\right)\ge a\cdot2\sqrt{b^2}=2ba\\b\left(c^2+1\right)\ge b\cdot2\sqrt{c^2}=2cb\\c\left(a^2+1\right)\ge c\cdot2\sqrt{a^2}=2ac\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(c^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Mà \(ab+bc+ca\le3\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\cdot3}=\dfrac{9}{6}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+1}\)
\(VT=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+b-\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+c-\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\)
\(VT=3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2+1\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\c^2+1\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\\a^2+1\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\le\dfrac{ab^2}{2b}=\dfrac{ab}{2}\\\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{bc^2}{2c}=\dfrac{bc}{2}\\\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{ca^2}{2a}=\dfrac{ca}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\ge3-\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\) (1)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\le3-\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Đầu tiên ta cm bđt:\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\)(tự cm)
Áp dụng ta có:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+bc}+\dfrac{1}{1+ca}\ge\dfrac{9}{3+ab+bc+ca}\)
Cần cm:\(ab+bc+ca\le3\)
Hay \(ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
=>đpcm