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bđt \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2+ab+ca}{\left(b+c\right)^2}\ge\frac{9}{4}\)
Có: \(\frac{a^2+ab+ca}{\left(b+c\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+ab+bc+ca}{\left(b+c\right)^2}-\frac{bc}{\left(b+c\right)^2}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(b+c\right)^2}-\frac{1}{4}\)
=> \(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2+ab+ca}{\left(b+c\right)^2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{9}{4}\)
đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c}}=x;\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a}}=y;\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b}}=z\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=1\)
\(P=\frac{ab}{ab+c}+\frac{bc}{bc+a}+\frac{ca}{ca+b}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{ab}{c}}{\frac{ab}{c}+1}+\frac{\frac{bc}{a}}{\frac{bc}{a}+1}+\frac{\frac{ca}{b}}{\frac{ca}{b}+1}=\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+1}+\frac{z^2}{z^2+1}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
Chú ý đến giả thiết a + b + c = 1 ta viết được \(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(1-c\right)^3\left(1+c\right)}}=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(1-c\right)\left(1+c\right)}}=\)\(\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{1-c^2}}=\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-c^2}}\)\(=\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{a^2+b^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}}\)
Mặt khác áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta được \(a^2+b^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge2ab+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=\)\(2\left(ab+bc\right)+2\left(ab+ca\right)\)và \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
Từ đó dẫn đến \(\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{a^2+b^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}}\le\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab}\sqrt{2\left(ab+bc\right)+2\left(ab+ca\right)}}\)\(=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{ab}{2\left(ab+bc\right)+2\left(ab+ca\right)}}\)
Mà theo bất đẳng thức quen thuộc \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\) ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{2\left(ab+bc\right)+2\left(ab+ca\right)}}\le\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab}{2\left(ab+bc\right)}+\frac{ab}{2\left(ab+ca\right)}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{ab}{ab+bc}+\frac{ab}{ab+ca}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}\)
Từ đó ta có bất đẳng thức: \(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(1-c\right)^3\left(1+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}\)(1)
Hoàn toàn tương tự, ta có: \(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)^3\left(1+a\right)}}\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}\)(2) ; \(\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(1-b\right)^3\left(1+b\right)}}\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế 3 bất đẳng thức (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(1-c\right)^3\left(1+c\right)}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)^3\left(1+c\right)}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(1-b\right)^3\left(1+b\right)}}\)\(\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\right)\)
Ta cần chứng minh\(\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\right)\le\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{8}\)
Hay \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\le3\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\)
\(\le\sqrt{3\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}\right)}=3\)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Sửa đề: \(\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(1-b\right)^3\left(1+b\right)}}\)
a,\(\sqrt{4\left(a-5\right)^2}=\sqrt{4}.\sqrt{\left(a-5\right)^2}=2.\left|a-5\right|=2\left(a-5\right)\left(a\ge5\right)\)
b,\(\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}-\sqrt{3}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}-\sqrt{3}=\sqrt{3}-1-\sqrt{3=-1}\)
c,Mạn phép sửa đề ,nếu ko thì kết quả ko đẹp
\(\sqrt{8+2\sqrt{15}}-\sqrt{5}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}-\sqrt{5}=\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{5}=\sqrt{3}\)
d,\(\sqrt{\left(3-2\sqrt{3}\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(3+2\sqrt{3}\right)^2}=2\sqrt{3}-3-3-2\sqrt{3}=-6\)
e,\(\sqrt{24\left(b-3\right)}^2=\sqrt{24^2}.\sqrt{\left(b-3\right)^2}=24.\left(3-b\right)\left(b< 3\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=\frac{a\left(1+b^2\right)-ab^2}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab}{1+b^2}\)
\(1+b^2\ge2b\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\le\frac{ab^2}{2b}=\frac{ab}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2}\); \(\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\frac{ca}{2}\)
Suy ra \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}+\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge a+b+c\)
Mặt khác ta có: \(3\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\Rightarrow\frac{3}{a+b+c}\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\)
Do đó; \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}+\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge a+b+c\ge3\)(đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=1\)