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Ta có :
\(P=2\left(a^2+b^2\right)-6\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+9\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)\)
\(=2a^2+2b^2-\frac{6a}{b}+\frac{6b}{a}+\frac{9}{a^2}+\frac{9}{b^2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{3}{a^2}+3b^2\right)+\left(\frac{3}{b^2}+3a^2\right)-\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)-6\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+6\left(2ab+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)-10ab\)
\(=\left(\frac{3}{a^2}+3b^2\right)+\left(\frac{3}{b^2}+3a^2\right)-4-6\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+6\left(2ab+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)-10ab\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si cho các số dương ta có :
\(+,\frac{3}{a^2}+3b^2\ge2\sqrt{\frac{3}{a^2}.3b^2}=\frac{6b}{a}\left(1\right)\)
+, \(\frac{3}{b^2}+3a^2\ge2\sqrt{\frac{3}{b^2}.3a^2}=\frac{6a}{b}\left(2\right)\)
\(+,\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{a}{b}}=2\Leftrightarrow6\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)=12\left(3\right)\)
+, \(ab+ab+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge\sqrt{ab.ab.\frac{1}{a^2}.\frac{1}{b^2}}=1\Leftrightarrow6\left(ab+ab+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)=6\)
+) \(ab\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\Leftrightarrow10ab\ge10\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có :
\(P\ge10\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
bài 1
ÁP dụng AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{b\left(2c+a\right)}+\frac{2c+a}{9}+\frac{b}{3}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3.\left(2c+a\right).b}{b\left(2c+a\right).27}}=a.\)
tương tự ta có:\(\frac{b^3}{c\left(2a+b\right)}+\frac{2a+b}{9}+\frac{c}{3}\ge b,\frac{c^3}{a\left(2b+c\right)}+\frac{2b+c}{9}+\frac{a}{3}\ge c\)
công tất cả lại ta có:
\(P+\frac{2a+b}{9}+\frac{2b+c}{9}+\frac{2c+a}{9}+\frac{a+b+c}{3}\ge a+b+c\)
\(P+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\ge a+b+c\)
Thay \(a+b+c=3\)vào ta được":
\(P+2\ge3\Leftrightarrow P\ge1\)
Vậy Min là \(1\)
dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)+abc\)
\(=abc+a^2b+ab^2+a^2c+ac^2+b^2c+bc^2+abc+abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)( phân tích nhân tử các kiểu )
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\left(1\right)\)
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc};ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge9abc\)
\(\Rightarrow-abc\ge\frac{-\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)
Khi đó:\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)
\(=\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\left(2\right)\)
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) có đpcm
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz, ta được:
\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3.3=9\)hay \(a+b+c\le3\)(do \(a^2+b^2+c^2=3\))
Theo bất đẳng thức Mincopxki và bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức, ta được:
\(\sqrt{\frac{9}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+c^2}+\sqrt{\frac{9}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+a^2}+\sqrt{\frac{9}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+b^2}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{9\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{9\left[\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\right]^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
Đến đây, ta cần chứng minh rằng: \(\sqrt{9\left[\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\right]^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{13}}{2}\)(*)
Đặt \(t=a+b+c\Rightarrow0< t\le3\)
Khi đó, (*) trở thành \(\sqrt{9\left(\frac{9}{2t}\right)^2+t^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{13}}{2}\Leftrightarrow9\left(\frac{9}{2t}\right)^2+t^2\ge\frac{117}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(t-3\right)\left(2t-9\right)\left(t+3\right)\left(2t+9\right)}{4t^2}\ge0\)(đúng với mọi \(0< t\le3\))
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki, ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ca+c+1\right)^2}\right)\ge\left(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\right)^2\)
Mà \(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}=\frac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{abc+bc+b}=\frac{1}{b+1+bc}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{1+bc+1}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ca+c+1\right)^2}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(ab+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
ta có \(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{bc+b+1}=1\)
đặt \(H=\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\)
áp dụng bất đẳng thức bunhiacopxki ta có
\(H\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\left(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ac+c+1}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow H\ge\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
hay \(\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
Có: \(VT=\frac{abc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{abc}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{ab+ac}+\frac{ac}{bc+ba}+\frac{ab}{ac+bc}\)
Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)được
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Mà\(\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)(Chuyển vế đưa thành tổng bình phương)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge...\ge\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" khi a=b=c=1
Đặt \(\frac{1}{a}=x\); \(\frac{2}{b}=y;\frac{3}{c}=z\)
=>VT = \(\frac{z^3}{x^2+z^2}+\frac{x^3}{y^2+x^2}+\frac{y^3}{y^2+z^2}\)
Ta có \(\frac{z^3}{x^2+z^2}=z-\frac{x^2z}{x^2+z^2}\ge z-\frac{x^2z}{2xz}=z-\frac{x}{2}\)
CMTT:
=> VT \(\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\). Dấu = khi a=1; b=2; z=3
\(2\left(a^2+b^2\right)-6\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+9\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)\\ =\left(\frac{3}{a^2}+3b^2\right)+\left(\frac{3}{b^2}+3a^2\right)-\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)-6\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+6\left(ab+ab+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)-10ab\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si với 2 số không âm:
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)-6\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+9\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)\\ \ge2\sqrt{\frac{3}{a^2}\cdot3b^2}+2\sqrt{\frac{3}{b^2}\cdot3a^2}-\left(a+b\right)^2-6\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+6\cdot4\sqrt{ab\cdot ab\cdot\frac{1}{a^2}\cdot\frac{1}{b^2}}-\frac{10\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\\ =\frac{6b}{a}+\frac{6a}{b}-4-6\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+24-10\\ =10\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)