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Bài 1
\(VT=\dfrac{a^2}{ab^2+abc+ac^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2b+abc+a^2b}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2c+abc+b^2c}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc+ac\left(a+c\right)+abc+bc\left(b+c\right)+abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b+c\right)+ac\left(a+b+c\right)+bc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{ab+bc+ac}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Bài 2
\(VT=\left(\sqrt{a^2}+\sqrt{b^2}+\sqrt{c^2}\right)\left[\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{c+a}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{c}}{a+b}\right)^2\right]\)
Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki ta có
\(VT\ge\left(\sqrt{a}.\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b+c}+\sqrt{b}.\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{c+a}+\sqrt{c}.\dfrac{\sqrt{c}}{a+b}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\)
Xét \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy dạng phân thức ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}=\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\ge\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Đặt \(P=\frac{a^4}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}+\frac{b^4}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\frac{c^4}{\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a^4}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}+\frac{a+2}{27}+\frac{b+2}{27}+\frac{1}{9}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{a^2}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}.\frac{a+2}{27}.\frac{b+2}{27}.\frac{1}{9}}=\frac{4a}{9}\)(1)
\(\frac{b^4}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\frac{b+2}{27}+\frac{c+2}{27}+\frac{1}{9}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{b^2}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}.\frac{b+2}{27}.\frac{c+2}{27}.\frac{1}{9}}=\frac{4b}{9}\)(2)
\(\frac{c^4}{\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)}+\frac{c+2}{27}+\frac{a+2}{27}+\frac{1}{9}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{c^2}{\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)}.\frac{c+2}{27}.\frac{a+2}{27}.\frac{1}{9}}=\frac{4c}{9}\)(3)
Lấy \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(3\right)\)ta được:
\(P+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)+12}{27}+\frac{3}{9}\ge\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{9}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(đpcm\right)\)Dấu"="xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1:
Ta có:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{a^2}{a+2b^2}+\frac{b^2}{b+2c^2}+\frac{c^2}{c+2a^2}\)
\(=a-\frac{2ab^2}{a+2b^2}+b-\frac{2bc^2}{b+2c^2}+c-\frac{2ca^2}{c+2a^2}=(a+b+c)-2\left(\frac{ab^2}{a+2b^2}+\frac{bc^2}{b+2c^2}+\frac{ca^2}{c+2a^2}\right)\)
\(=3-2M(*)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:
\(M=\frac{ab^2}{a+b^2+b^2}+\frac{bc^2}{b+c^2+c^2}+\frac{ca^2}{c+a^2+a^2}\leq \frac{ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{ab^4}}+\frac{bc^2}{3\sqrt[3]{bc^4}}+\frac{ca^2}{3\sqrt[3]{ca^4}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M\leq \frac{1}{3}(\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2}+\sqrt[3]{b^2c^2}+\sqrt[3]{c^2a^2})\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2}+\sqrt[3]{b^2c^2}+\sqrt[3]{c^2a^2}\leq \frac{ab+ab+1}{3}+\frac{bc+bc+1}{3}+\frac{ca+ca+1}{3}=\frac{2(ab+bc+ac)+3}{3}\)
Mà \(ab+bc+ac\leq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}=3\) (quen thuộc)
\(\Rightarrow M\leq \frac{1}{3}.\frac{2.3+3}{3}=1(**)\)
Từ \((*);(**)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq 3-2.1=1\)
(đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy -Schwarz:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{a^3}{a^2+a^2b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+b^2c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2c^2}\geq \frac{(a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}+c\sqrt{c})^2}{a^2+a^2b^2+b^2+b^2c^2+c^2+c^2a^2}\)
hay:
\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{(a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}+c\sqrt{c})^2}{1+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}(*)\)
Mặt khác, theo BĐT Cauchy ta dễ thấy:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\geq a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\)
\(\Rightarrow (a^2+b^2+c^2)^2\geq 3(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 1\geq 3(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\leq \frac{1}{3}(**)\)
Từ \((*);(**)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{(a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}+c\sqrt{c})^2}{1+\frac{1}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}(a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}+c\sqrt{c})^2\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:
\(\frac{a^4}{b^3(c+a)}+\frac{c+a}{4a}+\frac{1}{2}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{8b^3}}=\frac{3a}{2b}\)
\(\frac{b^4}{c^3(a+b)}+\frac{a+b}{4b}+\frac{1}{2}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^3}{8c^3}}=\frac{3b}{2c}\)
\(\frac{c^4}{a^3(b+c)}+\frac{b+c}{4c}+\frac{1}{2}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^3}{8a^3}}=\frac{3c}{2a}\)
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^4}{b^3(c+a)}+\frac{b^4}{c^3(a+b)}+\frac{c^4}{a^3(b+c)}+\frac{1}{4}(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a})+\frac{9}{4}\geq \frac{3}{2}(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a})\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^4}{b^3(c+a)}+\frac{b^4}{c^3(a+b)}+\frac{c^4}{a^3(b+c)}\geq \frac{5}{4}(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a})-\frac{9}{4}\geq \frac{5}{4}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{a}}-\frac{9}{4}\)
hay \( \frac{a^4}{b^3(c+a)}+\frac{b^4}{c^3(a+b)}+\frac{c^4}{a^3(b+c)}\geq \frac{5}{4}.3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Cách khác:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{(\frac{a^2}{b})^2}{b(c+a)}+\frac{(\frac{b^2}{c})^2}{c(a+b)}+\frac{(\frac{c^2}{a})^2}{a(b+c)}\geq \frac{\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)^2}{b(c+a)+c(a+b)+a(b+c)}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{b+c+a}=a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow \left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)^2\geq (a+b+c)^2\)
Do đó: \(\text{VT}\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{2(ab+bc+ac)}\)
Theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT Cauchy: \((a+b+c)^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)\)
Suy ra: \(\text{VT}\geq \frac{3(ab+bc+ac)}{2(ab+bc+ac)}=\frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Áp dung BĐT schur với k=2 ta được:
a2(a-b)(a-c)+b2(b-c)(b-a)+c2(c-a)(c-b)\(\ge\)0
a4+b4+c4+abc(a+b+c)\(\ge\)ab(a2+b2)+bc(b2+c2)+ca(c2+a2)
VL Vấn đề của tui là chưa chứng minh được schur bạn ạ ~ Chứng minh giúp schur giúp
đặt \(a=\frac{yz}{x^2};b=\frac{zx}{y^2};c=\frac{xy}{z^2}\left(x;y;z>0\right)\)khi đó bđt cần chứng minh trở thành
\(\frac{x^4}{\left(x^2+yz\right)\left(2x^2+yz\right)}+\frac{y^4}{\left(y^2+xz\right)\left(2y^2+zx\right)}+\frac{z^4}{\left(z^2+xy\right)\left(2z^2+xy\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki dạng phân thức ta được
\(\frac{x^4}{\left(x^2+yz\right)\left(2x^2+yz\right)}+\frac{y^4}{\left(y^2+zx\right)\left(2y^2+zx\right)}+\frac{z^4}{\left(z^2+xy\right)\left(2z^2+xy\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{\left(x^2+yz\right)\left(2x^2+yz\right)+\left(y^2+zx\right)\left(2y^2+zx\right)+\left(z^2+xy\right)\left(2z^2+xy\right)}\)
phép chứng minh sẽ hoàn tất nếu ta chứng minh được
\(\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{\left(x^2+yz\right)\left(2x^2+yz\right)+\left(y^2+zx\right)\left(2y^2+zx\right)+\left(z^2+xy\right)\left(2z^2+xy\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
hay ta cần chứng minh
\(2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\ge\left(x^2+yz\right)\left(2x^2+yz\right)+\left(y^2+xz\right)\left(2y^2+xz\right)+\left(z^2+xy\right)\left(2z^2+xy\right)\)
khai triển và thu gọn ta được \(x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\ge xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)
đánh giá cuối cùng là một đánh giá đúng. Bất đẳng thức được chứng minh