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1.
\(sinA+sinB-sinC=2sin\dfrac{A+B}{2}.cos\dfrac{A-B}{2}-sin\left(A+B\right)\)
\(=2sin\dfrac{A+B}{2}.cos\dfrac{A-B}{2}-2sin\dfrac{A+B}{2}.cos\dfrac{A+B}{2}\)
\(=2sin\dfrac{A+B}{2}.\left(cos\dfrac{A-B}{2}-cos\dfrac{A+B}{2}\right)\)
\(=2sin\dfrac{A+B}{2}.2sin\dfrac{A}{2}.sin\dfrac{B}{2}\)
\(=4sin\dfrac{A}{2}.sin\dfrac{B}{2}.cos\dfrac{C}{2}\)
Sao t lại đc như này v, ai check hộ phát
\(\dfrac{cosA}{a}+\dfrac{cosB}{b}+\dfrac{cosC}{c}\)
\(=\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2abc}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2abc}\) (đpcm)
a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc.cosA
b2 = a2 + c2 - 2ac.cosB
c2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab.cosC
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 = 2bc.cosA + 2ac.cosB + 2ab.cosC
⇒ VT = \(\dfrac{2bc.cosA}{2abc}+\dfrac{2ab.cosC}{2abc}+\dfrac{2ac.cosB}{2abc}\)
⇒ VT = \(\dfrac{cosA}{a}+\dfrac{cosB}{b}+\dfrac{cosC}{c}\)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(\frac{a+b}{6}=\frac{b+c}{5}=\frac{c+a}{7}=k\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix}
a+b=6k\\
b+c=5k\\
c+a=7k\end{matrix}\right.(1)\)
\(\Rightarrow 2(a+b+c)=6k+5k+7k=18k\Rightarrow a+b+c=9k(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2) \Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} c=3k\\ a=4k\\ b=2k\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo định lý hàm số cos ta có:
\(a^2=b^2+c^2-2bc\cos A\)
\(\Rightarrow \cos A=\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}=\frac{(2k)^2+(3k)^2-(4k)^2}{2.2k.3k}=\frac{-1}{4}\)
Tương tự: \(\cos B=\frac{c^2+a^2-b^2}{2ac}=\frac{7}{8}\)
\(\cos C=\frac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}=\frac{11}{16}\)
Không mất tính tổng quát giả sử: \(A\ge B\ge C\). Khi đó \(A\ge\dfrac{\pi}{3};C\le\dfrac{\pi}{3}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{\pi}{2}\ge A\ge\dfrac{\pi}{3}\) và \(\pi\ge A+B=\pi-C\ge\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\) nên
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{\pi}{2}\ge A\ge\dfrac{\pi}{3}\\\dfrac{\pi}{2}+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\ge A+B\ge\dfrac{\pi}{3}+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\\\dfrac{\pi}{2}+\dfrac{\pi}{2}+0=A+B+C=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+\dfrac{\pi}{3}+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét hàm số \(f\left(x\right)=\cos x\forall x\in\left[0;\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right]\)
Ta có: \(f"\left(x\right)=-\cos x< 0\forall x\in\left[0;\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right]\) nên hàm số \(f\left(x\right)\) lõm trên đoạn \(\left[0;\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right]\). Khi đó, theo BĐT Karamata ta có:
\(f\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)+f\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)+f\left(0\right)\le f\left(A\right)+f\left(B\right)+f\left(C\right)\le3f\left(\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)\)
Hay \(\cos A+\cos B+\cos C\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Chứng minh : \(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\ge3\left(x^3y+y^3z+z^3x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\left(x^2-y^2-xy-xz+2yz\right)^2+\left(y^2-z^2-yz-xy+2xz\right)^2+\left(z^2-x^2-xz-yz+2xy\right)^2\right)\ge0\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{ab+1}=a-\dfrac{a^2b}{ab+1}\ge a-\dfrac{a^2b}{2\sqrt{ab}}=a-\dfrac{\sqrt{a^3b}}{2}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{b}{bc+1}\ge b-\dfrac{\sqrt{b^3c}}{2};\dfrac{c}{ca+1}\ge c-\dfrac{\sqrt{c^3a}}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge3-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{a^3b}+\sqrt{b^3c}+\sqrt{c^3a}\right)\ge3-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Lời giải:
Do $a+b+c=1$ nên:
\(\text{VT}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c(a+b+c)+ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a(a+b+c)+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b(a+b+c)+ac}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{(c+a)(c+b)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{(b+c)(b+a)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{(c+a)(c+b)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{(b+c)(b+a)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2abc}=\dfrac{a}{bc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2abc}=\dfrac{a}{bc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=2a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2=b^2+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Tam giác vuông tại A theo Pitago đảo