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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
$3=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}$
$\Rightarrow x+y+z\geq 3$
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$\frac{y^2}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\geq y$
$\frac{z^3}{3}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}\geq z$
$\Rightarrow P+\frac{7}{6}\geq x+y+z=3$
$\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{11}{6}$
Giá trị này đạt tại $x=y=z=1$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2\geq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\geq \frac{1}{3}(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z})^2\geq \frac{1}{3}.(\frac{9}{x+y+z})^2=\frac{27}{(x+y+z)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{3}+\frac{27}{(x+y+z)^2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\frac{(x+y+z)^2}{3}+\frac{1}{3(x+y+z)^2}\geq \frac{2}{3}\)
\(\frac{80}{3(x+y+z)^2}\geq \frac{80}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{2}{3}+\frac{80}{3}=\frac{82}{3}\)
Vậy $P_{\min}=\frac{82}{3}$ khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{2023}{xy+yz+zx}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy+yz+zx}+\dfrac{1}{xy+yz+zx}+\dfrac{2021}{xy+yz+zx}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{9}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{2021}{\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}\)\(=9+\dfrac{2021}{\dfrac{1}{3}}=6072\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Ta có:
+) \(xy+yz+zx\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\left(\text{Cô si}\right)\)
+) \(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy+yz+zx}+\dfrac{1}{xy+yz+zx}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{9}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\dfrac{9}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\left(\text{Svácxơ}\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\sum\dfrac{x^2}{y^2+yz+z^2}\ge\sum\dfrac{x^2}{y^2+\dfrac{y^2+z^2}{2}+z^2}=\dfrac{2}{3}\sum\dfrac{x^2}{y^2+z^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{3}{2}=1\) (BĐT cuối là BĐT Netsbitt)
Câu b là bài IMO 2001 USA, em có thể tìm thấy rất nhiều lời giải
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{a};\dfrac{1}{b};\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\Rightarrow abc=1\)
\(P=\sum\dfrac{a^4}{\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+1\right)}=\sum\dfrac{a^4bc}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}=\sum\dfrac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\dfrac{b+1}{8}+\dfrac{c+1}{8}\ge\dfrac{3a}{4}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(P+\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}-\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\left(1+81\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+\dfrac{9}{y}\right)^2}\)
=> \(\sqrt{x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}\ge\dfrac{x+\dfrac{9}{y}}{\sqrt{82}}\)
Tương tự => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{y^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\ge\dfrac{y+\dfrac{9}{z}}{\sqrt{82}}\\\sqrt{z^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}\ge\dfrac{z+\dfrac{9}{x}}{\sqrt{82}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(P\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)+9\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)}{\sqrt{82}}\)
Mà x + y + z = 1
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}=9\)
=> \(P\ge\sqrt{82}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$\frac{x^3}{y(x+z)}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{x+z}{4}\geq \frac{3}{2}x$
Tương tự với các phân thức còn lại, cộng theo vế và rút gọn ta được:
$\Rightarrow P=\sum \frac{x^3}{y(x+z)}\geq \frac{x+y+z}{2}$
Tiếp tục áp dụng AM-GM:
$x+y\geq 2\sqrt{xy}$
$y+z\geq 2\sqrt{yz}$
$x+z\geq 2\sqrt{xz}$
$\Rightarrow x+y+z\geq \sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}=1$
$\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{1}{2}$
Vậy $P_{\min}=\frac{1}{2}$ khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
\(\dfrac{x^3}{y\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{y}{2}+\dfrac{x+z}{4}\ge\dfrac{3x}{2}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(P+x+y+z\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(P=\sum\dfrac{1}{x+y+1}\ge\dfrac{9}{2\left(x+y+z\right)+3}=\dfrac{9}{2.1+3}=\dfrac{9}{5}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Lm dùm mik bài dưới lun vs