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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) ta có : \(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{MN}+\overrightarrow{NB}+\overrightarrow{DM}+\overrightarrow{MN}+\overrightarrow{NC}\)
\(=2\overrightarrow{MN}+\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{DM}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{NB}+\overrightarrow{NC}\right)=2\overrightarrow{MN}\left(đpcm\right)\)
b) ta có : \(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CD}=\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{IJ}+\overrightarrow{JB}+\overrightarrow{CI}+\overrightarrow{IJ}+\overrightarrow{JD}\)
\(=2\overrightarrow{IJ}+\left(\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{CI}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{JB}+\overrightarrow{JD}\right)=2\overrightarrow{IJ}\left(đpcm\right)\)
bn dùng định lí ta lét chứng minh được \(\overrightarrow{MJ}=\overrightarrow{IN}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
C) ta có : \(\overrightarrow{MN}+\overrightarrow{IJ}=\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BN}+\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BJ}\)
\(=2\overrightarrow{AB}+\left(\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{BJ}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{BN}+\overrightarrow{IA}\right)\)
\(=2\overrightarrow{AB}+\left(\overrightarrow{DM}+\overrightarrow{JD}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{NC}+\overrightarrow{CI}\right)=2\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{JM}+\overrightarrow{NI}\) \(=2\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BA}=\overrightarrow{AB}\left(đpcm\right)\)d) ta có : \(\overrightarrow{IM}+\overrightarrow{IN}=\overrightarrow{IJ}+\overrightarrow{JM}+\overrightarrow{IN}=\overrightarrow{IJ}\left(đpcm\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {AM} + \overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {NC} + \overrightarrow {BM} + \overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {ND} \\= \left( {\overrightarrow {AM} + \overrightarrow {BM} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {MN} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {NC} + \overrightarrow {ND} } \right) \\= \overrightarrow 0 + 2\overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow 0 = 2\overrightarrow {MN} \) (đpcm)
b) \(\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \)
\(\)\(\overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {BM} + \overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {NC} + \overrightarrow {AM} + \overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {ND} \)
\(\left( {\overrightarrow {BM} + \overrightarrow {AM} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {MN} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {NC} + \overrightarrow {ND} } \right) = 2\overrightarrow {MN} \)
Mặt khác ta có: \(\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = 2\overrightarrow {MN} \)
Suy ra \(\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \)
Cách 2:
\(\begin{array}{l}
\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \\
\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {AC} - \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {BC} - \overrightarrow {BD} \\
\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {DC} = \overrightarrow {DC} (đpcm)
\end{array}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {DN} \)
Mặt khác: \(\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {MB} + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {CN} \)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {DN} + \overrightarrow {MB} + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {CN} \\ \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \left( {\overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {MB} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {DN} + \overrightarrow {CN} } \right) + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \\ \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow 0 + \overrightarrow 0 + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \\ \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \end{array}\)
Lại có:
\(\overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {BD} + \overrightarrow {DC} + \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {DC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} .\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} = 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \;\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} .\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
N là trung điểm của CD:
2=
+
(1)
Theo quy tắc 3 điểm, ta có:
=
+
(2)
=
+
(3)
Từ (1), (2), (3) ta có: 2=
+
+
+
vì M là trung điểm của Ab nên: +
=
Suy ra : 2 =
+
Chứng minh tương tự, ta có 2 =
+
Chú ý: Sau khi chứng minh 2 C = +
ta chỉ cần chứng minh thêm
+
=
+
cũng được
Ta có: +
=
+
+
+
= +
+
+
=
+
+
Vì =
nên ta có:
+
=
+
và 2=
+
=
+
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) Chữa đề: \(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}=2\overrightarrow{NM}\)
\(Ta\text{ }có:\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\\ =\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}+\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}\)
\(\)\(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DC}\\ =2\overrightarrow{CM}+2\overrightarrow{NC}=2\left(\overrightarrow{NC}+\overrightarrow{CM}\right)=2\overrightarrow{NM}\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}=2\overrightarrow{NM}\)
\(\text{b) }\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BC}=-\left(\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)\\ =-\left[\left(\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{DB}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)\right]\\ =-\left(2\overrightarrow{DM}+2\overrightarrow{CM}\right)=2\left(\overrightarrow{MD}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)=4\left(\overrightarrow{MN}\right)\)
\(\text{c) }2\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{NA}+\overrightarrow{DA}\right)\\ =2\left[\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DA}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{NA}\right)\right]\\ =2\left[\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{DB}\right)+\overrightarrow{NI}\right]=2\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{NI}\right)\)
Mà IN là dường trung bình \(\Delta BCD\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}IN//BD\\IN=\frac{1}{2}BD\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{IN}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\\ \Rightarrow2\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{NA}+\overrightarrow{DA}\right)\\ =2\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{NI}\right)=2\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{DB}\right)=2\cdot\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{DB}=3\overrightarrow{DB}\)