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Lời giải:
Theo đề ta có: $\overrightarrow{BM}=2\overrightarrow{MC}=-2\overrightarrow{CM}$
$\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}(1)$
$=\overrightarrow{AB}-2\overrightarrow{CM}$
$\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CM}$
$\Rightarrow 2\overrightarrow{AM}=2\overrightarrow{AC}+2\overrightarrow{CM}(2)$
Lấy $(1)+(2)\Rightarrow 3\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+2\overrightarrow{AC}$
$\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{AM}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}$
Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{MB}=3\overrightarrow{MC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}=3\left(\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}=3\overrightarrow{MB}+3\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\overrightarrow{MB}=3\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\). Mà \(\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\) nên \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\)
Theo quy tắc 3 điểm, ta có
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\) hay \(\overrightarrow{AM}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{u}+\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{v}\)
= 3
=> 
)
= 
- 
nên 
= 
+ 
Gọi G là giao điểm của AK, BM thì G là trọng tâm của tam giác.
Ta có 
= 
=> = 
= -
= - 
= -
Theo quy tắc 3 điểm đối với tổng vec tơ:
= + => = - = (- ).
AK là trung tuyến thuộc cạnh BC nên
+ 
= 2 => - += 2
Từ đây ta có = 
+ => 
= - - .
BM là trung tuyến thuộc đỉnh B nên
+ 
= 2 => - + = 2
=> = + .
\(a,\) \(\overrightarrow{IA}=2\overrightarrow{IB}-4\overrightarrow{IC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{IA}=2\overrightarrow{IB}-2\overrightarrow{IC}-2\overrightarrow{IC}=2\overrightarrow{CB}-2\overrightarrow{IC}\)
\(=2\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right)-2\left(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AI}\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{IA}=2\overrightarrow{AB}-2\overrightarrow{AC}-2\overrightarrow{AC}+2\overrightarrow{AI}\)
\(\overrightarrow{IA}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(b,\overrightarrow{IJ}=\overrightarrow{AJ}-\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{IA}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{JG}=\overrightarrow{AG}-\overrightarrow{AJ}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AM}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\)\((\) \(\) \(M\) \(trung\) \(điểm\) \(BC)\)
\(\overrightarrow{JG}=\dfrac{\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}}{3}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{IJ}=-4\overrightarrow{JG}\Rightarrow I,J,G\) \(thẳng\) \(hàng\)
Có vẻ không đúng.
Giả sử \(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}+\left(\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MB}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\overrightarrow{MB}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M\equiv B\) (Vô lí)
MN là đường trung bình của tam giác ABC
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MN}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Từ giả thiết:
\(\overrightarrow{KM}=-2\overrightarrow{KN}=-2\left(\overrightarrow{KM}+\overrightarrow{MN}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\overrightarrow{KM}=2\overrightarrow{NM}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KM}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{NM}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MK}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{MN}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
M là trung điểm AB \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
Do đó:
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{MK}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
a/ Có AM= 3MB\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=3\overrightarrow{MB}\)
Theo quy tắc 3 điểm=> \(\overrightarrow{CM}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AM}\)
và \(\overrightarrow{CM}=\overrightarrow{CB}-\overrightarrow{MB}\)
Cộng vế vs vế=> \(2\overrightarrow{CM}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{CB}-\overrightarrow{MB}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\overrightarrow{CM}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{CB}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\overrightarrow{CM}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CB}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\overrightarrow{CM}=3\overrightarrow{CA}+2\overrightarrow{\:AB}+3\overrightarrow{CB}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\overrightarrow{CM}=\overrightarrow{CA}+5\overrightarrow{CB}\) ( vì \(2\overrightarrow{CA}+2\overrightarrow{AB}=2\overrightarrow{CB}\) )
b/ Làm tương tự câu a
c/ Theo quy tắc trung điểm có:
\(2\overrightarrow{CM}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}\)
\(2\overrightarrow{AN}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CB}=2\overrightarrow{AN}+\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{CM}+\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=2\overrightarrow{AN}+\overrightarrow{BC}+2\overrightarrow{CM}\)
Có \(\overrightarrow{BC}=2\overrightarrow{BN}=2\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)\)
=>\(\overrightarrow{AB}=2\overrightarrow{AN}+2\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AN}+2\overrightarrow{CM}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\overrightarrow{AB}=4\overrightarrow{AN}+2\overrightarrow{CM}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}=\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AN}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{CM}\)