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Đặt \(3-2x=t\Rightarrow dx=-\frac{1}{2}dt\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow t=3\\x=2\Rightarrow t=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\int\limits^{-1}_3\left[f\left(t\right)+2019\right].\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)dt=\frac{1}{2}\int\limits^3_{-1}f\left(t\right)dt+\int\limits^3_{-1}\frac{2019}{2}dt\)
\(=\frac{15}{2}+\frac{2019}{2}.4=\frac{8091}{2}\)
\(\int_0^2\left[4f_{\left(x\right)}-3\right]dx\)
= \(4\int_0f_{\left(x\right)}^2dx-3x|^2_0\)
= 12 - 6
= 6
\(3\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)+\frac{1}{9}\right]dx\le2\int\limits^1_0\sqrt{f'\left(x\right)}f\left(x\right)dx\) (1)
Ta lại có:
\(3f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)+\frac{1}{3}\ge2\sqrt{f'\left(x\right)}.f\left(x\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)+\frac{1}{9}\right]\ge2\int\limits^1_0\sqrt{f'\left(x\right)}.f\left(x\right)dx\) (2)
Từ (1); (2) \(\Rightarrow3\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)+\frac{1}{9}\right]dx=2\int\limits^1_0\sqrt{f'\left(x\right)}.f\left(x\right)dx\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:
\(3f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3\int f'\left(x\right).f^2\left(x\right)dx=\int\frac{1}{3}dx\)
\(\Rightarrow f^3\left(x\right)=\frac{x}{3}+C\)
Thay \(x=0\Rightarrow f^3\left(0\right)=C\Rightarrow C=1\)
\(\Rightarrow f^3\left(x\right)=\frac{x}{3}+1\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0f^3\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^1_0\left(\frac{x}{3}+1\right)dx=\frac{7}{6}\)
1)
\(I=\int\left(cos^2x-cos^2x\cdot sin^3x\right)dx\\ =\int cos^2x\cdot dx-\int cos^2x\cdot sin^3x\cdot dx\\ =\frac{1}{2}\int\left(cos2x+1\right)dx+\int cos^2x\left(1-cos^2x\right)d\left(cosx\right)\\ =\frac{1}{4}sin2x+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{cos^3x}{3}-\frac{cos^5x}{5}+C\)
....
2) Xét riêng mẫu số:
\(sin2x+2\left(1+sinx+cosx\right)\\ =\left(sin2x+1\right)+2\left(sinx+cosx\right)+1\\ =\left(sinx+cosx\right)^2+2\left(sinx+cosx\right)+1\\ =\left(sinx+cosx+1\right)^2\\ =\left[\sqrt{2}cos\left(x-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)+1\right]^2\)
Khi đó:
\(I_2=\int\frac{sin\left(x-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)}{\left[\sqrt{2}cos\left(x-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)+1\right]^2}dx\\ =-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\int\frac{d\left[\sqrt{2}cos\left(x-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)+1\right]}{\left[\sqrt{2}cos\left(x-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)+1\right]^2}\\ =\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}cos\left(x-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)+1}+C=\frac{1}{2cos\left(x-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)+1}\)
...
Câu 6:
Hoành độ giao điểm: \(\sqrt{1-x^2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\pm1\)
\(\Rightarrow V=\pi\int\limits^1_{-1}\left(1-x^2\right)dx=\frac{4}{3}\pi\)
// Hoặc là tư duy theo 1 cách khác, biến đổi pt ban đầu ta có:
\(y=\sqrt{1-x^2}\Leftrightarrow y^2=1-x^2\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2=1\)
Đây là pt đường tròn tâm O bán kính \(R=1\Rightarrow\) khi quay quanh Ox ta sẽ được một mặt cầu bán kính \(R=1\Rightarrow V=\frac{4}{3}\pi R^3=\frac{4}{3}\pi\)
Câu 7: Về bản chất, đây là 1 con tích phân sai, không thể tính được, do trên miền \(\left[\frac{\pi}{6};\frac{\pi}{2}\right]\) hàm dưới dấu tích phân không xác định tại \(x=\frac{\pi}{3}\) và \(x=\frac{2\pi}{3}\), nhưng nhắm mắt làm ngơ với lỗi ra đề sai đó và ta cứ mặc kệ nó, không quan tâm cứ máy móc áp dụng thì tính như sau:
Biến đổi biểu thức dưới dấu tích phân 1 chút trước:
\(\frac{sin^2x}{sin3x}=\frac{sin^2x}{3sinx-4sin^3x}=\frac{sinx}{3-4sin^2x}=\frac{sinx}{3-4\left(1-cos^2x\right)}=\frac{sinx}{4cos^2x-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{\frac{\pi}{6}}\frac{sinx.dx}{4cos^2x-1}\Rightarrow\) đặt \(cosx=t\Rightarrow sinx.dx=-dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\limits^0_{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}\frac{-dt}{4t^2-1}=\int\limits^{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}_0\frac{dt}{\left(2t-1\right)\left(2t+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\int\limits^{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}_0\left(\frac{1}{2t-1}-\frac{1}{2t+1}\right)dt\)
\(I=\frac{1}{4}ln\left|\frac{2t-1}{2t+1}\right|^{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}_0=\frac{1}{4}ln\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{\sqrt{3}+1}\right)=\frac{1}{4}ln\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=4\\b=2\\c=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a+2b+3c=5\)
Câu 8:
\(f\left(x\right)=\int\frac{1}{2x-1}dx=\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{d\left(2x-1\right)}{2x-1}=\frac{1}{2}ln\left|2x-1\right|+C\)
\(f\left(1\right)=1\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}ln1+C=1\Rightarrow C=1\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{2}ln\left|2x-1\right|+1\Rightarrow f\left(5\right)=\frac{1}{2}ln9+1=ln3+1\)
Câu 4:
\(I=\int\limits^1_{-1}f\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^0_{-1}f\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^1_0f\left(x\right)dx\)
Do \(f\left(x\right)\) là hàm chẵn \(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=f\left(-x\right)\) \(\forall x\)
Đặt \(x=-t\Rightarrow dx=-dt;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\Rightarrow t=1\\x=0\Rightarrow t=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^0_{-1}f\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^0_1f\left(t\right).\left(-dt\right)=\int\limits^1_0f\left(t\right)dt=\int\limits^1_0f\left(x\right)dx\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\limits^1_0f\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^1_0f\left(x\right)dx=2\int\limits^1_0f\left(x\right)dx=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0f\left(x\right)dx=1\)
Câu 5: Theo tính chất tích phân ta có:
\(\int\limits^{10}_0f\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^2_0f\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^6_2f\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^{10}_6f\left(x\right)dx\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^2_0f\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^{10}_6f\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^{10}_0f\left(x\right)dx-\int\limits^6_2f\left(x\right)dx=7-3=4\)
Câu a)
\(\int \frac{1}{\cos^4x}dx=\int \frac{\sin ^2x+\cos^2x}{\cos^4x}dx=\int \frac{\sin ^2x}{\cos^4x}dx+\int \frac{1}{\cos^2x}dx\)
Xét \(\int \frac{1}{\cos^2x}dx=\int d(\tan x)=\tan x+c\)
Xét \(\int \frac{\sin ^2x}{\cos^4x}dx=\int \frac{\tan ^2x}{\cos^2x}dx=\int \tan^2xd(\tan x)=\frac{\tan ^3x}{3}+c\)
Vậy :
\(\int \frac{1}{\cos ^4x}dx=\frac{\tan ^3x}{3}+\tan x+c\)
\(\Rightarrow \int ^{\frac{\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{6}}\frac{dx}{\cos^4 x}=\)\(\left.\begin{matrix} \frac{\pi}{3}\\ \frac{\pi}{6}\end{matrix}\right|\left ( \frac{\tan ^3 x}{3}+\tan x+c \right )=\frac{44}{9\sqrt{3}}\)
Câu b)
\(\int \frac{(x+1)^2}{x^2+1}dx=\int \frac{x^2+1+2x}{x^2+1}dx=\int dx+\int \frac{2xdx}{x^2+1}\)
\(=x+c+\int \frac{d(x^2+1)}{x^2+1}=x+\ln (x^2+1)+c\)
Do đó:
\(\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{(x+1)^2}{x^2+1}dx=\left.\begin{matrix} 1\\ 0\end{matrix}\right|(x+\ln (x^2+1)+c)=\ln 2+1\)
Câu c)
\(\int \frac{x^2+2\ln x}{x}dx=\int xdx+2\int \frac{2\ln x}{x}dx\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{2}+c+2\int \ln xd(\ln x)\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{2}+c+\ln ^2x\)
\(\Rightarrow \int ^{2}_{1}\frac{x^2+2\ln x}{x}dx=\left.\begin{matrix} 2\\ 1\end{matrix}\right|\left ( \frac{x^2}{2}+\ln ^2x +c \right )=\frac{3}{2}+\ln ^22\)
Câu d)
\(\int^{2}_{1} \frac{x^2+3x+1}{x^2+x}dx=\int ^{2}_{1}dx+\int ^{2}_{1}\frac{2x+1}{x^2+x}dx\)
\(=\left.\begin{matrix} 2\\ 1\end{matrix}\right|x+\int ^{2}_{1}\frac{d(x^2+x)}{x^2+x}=1+\left.\begin{matrix} 2\\ 1\end{matrix}\right|\ln |x^2+x|=1+\ln 6-\ln 2\)
\(=1+\ln 3\)
\(I_1=3\int_1^2x^2dx+\int_1^2\cos xdx+\int_1^2\frac{dx}{x}=x^3\)\(|^2 _1\)+\(\sin x\)\(|^2_1\) +\(\ln\left|x\right|\)\(|^2_1\)
\(=\left(8-1\right)+\left(\sin2-\sin1\right)+\left(\ln2-\ln1\right)\)
\(=7+\sin2-\sin1+\ln2\)
b) \(I_2=4\int_1^2\frac{dx}{x}-5\int_1^2x^4dx+2\int_1^2\sqrt{x}dx\)
\(=4\left(\ln2-\ln1\right)-\left(2^5-1^5\right)+\frac{4}{3}\left(2\sqrt{2}-1\sqrt{1}\right)\)
\(=4\ln2+\frac{8\sqrt{2}}{3}-32\frac{1}{3}\)
\(I_1=\int\limits^2_0f\left(2x\right)dx\)
Đặt \(2x=t\Rightarrow dx=\frac{dt}{2}\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow t=0\\x=2\Rightarrow t=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_1=\int\limits^4_0f\left(t\right).\frac{dt}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\int\limits^4_0f\left(t\right)dt=\frac{1}{2}\int\limits^4_0f\left(x\right)dx=\frac{1}{2}.2018=1009\)
\(I_2=\int\limits^2_{-2}f\left(2-x\right)dx\)
Đặt \(2-x=t\Rightarrow dx=-dt\); \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\Rightarrow t=4\\x=2\Rightarrow t=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_2=\int\limits^0_4f\left(t\right).\left(-dt\right)=\int\limits^4_0f\left(t\right)dt=\int\limits^4_0f\left(x\right)dx=2018\)
\(\Rightarrow I=I_1+I_2=1009+2018=3027\)
cám ơn ạ