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Sử dụng kết hợp hai bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz và AM - GM, ta được: \(\left(ab+1\right)^2\le\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)=\left(a.a.1+1\right)\left(b.b.1+1\right)\)\(\le\left(\frac{a^3+a^3+1}{3}+1\right)\left(\frac{b^3+b^3+1}{3}+1\right)=\frac{4}{9}\left(a^3+2\right)\left(b^3+2\right)\)\(\Rightarrow ab+1\le\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{\left(a^3+2\right)\left(b^3+2\right)}\Rightarrow\frac{a^3+2}{ab+1}\ge\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{\frac{a^3+2}{b^3+2}}\)(1)
Hoàn toàn tương tự: \(\frac{b^3+2}{bc+1}\ge\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{\frac{b^3+2}{c^3+2}}\)(2); \(\frac{c^3+2}{ca+1}\ge\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{\frac{c^3+2}{a^3+2}}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được:
\(Q=\frac{a^3+2}{ab+1}+\frac{b^3+2}{bc+1}+\frac{c^3+2}{ca+1}\ge\)\(\frac{3}{2}\left(\sqrt{\frac{a^3+2}{b^3+2}}+\sqrt{\frac{b^3+2}{c^3+2}}+\sqrt{\frac{c^3+2}{a^3+2}}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{3}{2}.\sqrt[3]{\sqrt{\frac{a^3+2}{b^3+2}}.\sqrt{\frac{b^3+2}{c^3+2}}.\sqrt{\frac{c^3+2}{a^3+2}}}=\frac{3}{2}\)(Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
=>\(\frac{1}{a}=-\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
=>\(\frac{1}{a^2}=-\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)\)
cm tương tự: \(\frac{1}{b^2}=-\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{c^2}=-\left(\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{bc}\right)\)
=> \(N=-\left[bc\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)+ca\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}\right)+ab\left(\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{bc}\right)\right]\)
\(=-\left[\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}\right]\)
\(=-\left[\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}\right]\) (1)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
=>\(\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}=0\)
=>\(1+\frac{b+c}{a}+1+\frac{a+c}{b}+1+\frac{a+b}{c}=0\)
=>\(\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{a+c}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}=-3\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) =>N=3
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=0\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\\ \)
\(\Rightarrow bc=-ab-ac,ca=-ab-bc,ab=-bc-ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+bc}{a^2+2bc}=\frac{a^2+bc}{a^2+bc+bc}=\frac{a^2+bc}{a^2+bc-ca-ab}=\frac{a^2+bc}{\left(a-b\right).\left(a-c\right)}\)
Làm tương tự. có: \(\frac{b^2+ca}{b^2+2ca}=\frac{b^2+ca}{b^2+ca-ab-bc}=\frac{b^2+ca}{\left(a-b\right).\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(\frac{c^2+ab}{c^2+2ab}=\frac{c^2+ab}{c^2+ab-ca-bc}=\frac{c^2+ab}{\left(b-c\right).\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{a^2+bc}{\left(a-b\right).\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{b^2+ca}{\left(a-b\right).\left(c-b\right)}+\frac{c^2+ab}{\left(b-c\right).\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2+bc\right).\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right).\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{\left(b^2+ca\right).\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right).\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{\left(c^2+ab\right).\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right).\left(a-c\right)}\)
Sau đó bạn thực hiện tiếp nhé.
Bài 1: Cho \(a,b,c\ge0:a^2+b^2+c^2=3\). CMR: \(a^4b^4+b^4c^4+c^4a^4\le3\)
Bài 2: Cho \(a,b,c\ge0\). CMR: \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2abc+1\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Bài 3: Cho \(a,b,c\ge0:a^2+b^2+c^2=a+b+c\). CMR: \(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\le ab+bc+ca\)
Bài 4: Cho \(a,b,c\ge0\). CMR: \(4\left(a+b+c\right)^3\ge27\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2+abc\right)\)
Bài 5: Cho \(a,b,c\ge0:a+b+c=3\).CMR: \(\frac{1}{2bc^2+1}+\frac{1}{2ca^2+1}+\frac{1}{2ab^2+1}\ge1\)
Ta có: \(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bcx+acy+abz}{abc}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow bcx+acy+abz=0\)
Lại có:\(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{x^2}+\frac{b^2}{y^2}+\frac{c^2}{z^2}+2.\frac{bcx+acy+abz}{xyz}=4\)(bình phương hai vế)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{x^2}+\frac{b^2}{y^2}+\frac{c^2}{z^2}=4\)(Vì \(bcx+acy+abz=0\))
Từ (1) \(\Rightarrow bcx+acy+abz=0\)
Gọi \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=2\left(2\right)\)
Từ (2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{ab}{xy}+\frac{ac}{xz}+\frac{bc}{yz}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=4-\left(\frac{abz+acy+bcx}{xyz}\right)\)
\(=4\)
\(b,\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2-a^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2-b^2}\)
Từ \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c\Rightarrow a^2+b^2-c^2=-2ab\)
Tương tự \(b^2+c^2-a^2=-2bc\)và \(c^2+a^2-b^2=-2ac\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{-2ab}+\frac{bc}{-2bc}+\frac{ca}{-2ca}=\frac{1}{-2}+\frac{1}{-2}+\frac{1}{-2}\)
\(=-\frac{3}{2}\)
a) \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2+y^3+z^3-3x^2y-3xy^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)z+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^2\right)-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^2-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-xz-yz\right)\)
a) Đk: x > 0 và x khác +-1
Ta có: A = \(\left(\frac{x+1}{x}-\frac{1}{1-x}-\frac{x^2-2}{x^2-x}\right):\frac{x^2+x}{x^2-2x+1}\)
A = \(\left[\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)+x-x^2+2}{x\left(x-1\right)}\right]:\frac{x\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
A = \(\frac{x^2-1+x-x^2+2}{x\left(x-1\right)}\cdot\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{x\left(x+1\right)}\)
A = \(\frac{x+1}{x}\cdot\frac{x-1}{x\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{x-1}{x^2}\)
b) Ta có: A = \(\frac{x-1}{x^2}=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x^2}=-\left(\frac{1}{x^2}-\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{1}{4}=-\left(\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\le\frac{1}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> 1/x - 1/2 = 0 <=> x = 2 (tm)
Vậy MaxA = 1/4 <=> x = 2
Chú ý rằng nếu \(x+y+z=0\) thì \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz.\).
Nếu vậy : \(x+y+z=0\) \(\Rightarrow z=-\left(x+y\right).\)
Do đó : \(x^3+y^3+z^3=x^3+y^3-\left(x+y\right)^3=-3x^2y-3xy^2=-3xy\left(x+y\right)=3xyz\)
Từ đây có thể suy ra :
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-xz-yz\right)\)
Áp dụng nhận xét trên,ta có :
Nếu \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\) thì \(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=3.\frac{1}{a}.\frac{1}{b}.\frac{1}{c}=\frac{3}{abc}.\)
Do đó : \(N=\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2}=\frac{abc}{a^3}+\frac{abc}{b^3}+\frac{abc}{c^3}\)
\(=abc\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)=abc.\frac{3}{abc}=3\) với \(a,b,c\ne0\).
Ta có :\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=-\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^3=-\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=-3\cdot\frac{1}{ab}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)=3\cdot\frac{1}{abc}\)
( Do \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=-\frac{1}{c}\) )
Khi đó : \(P=abc\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)=abc\cdot\frac{3}{abc}=3\)