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Bài 2:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}>2\)
Trước hết ta chứng minh \(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{2\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\). Ta lại có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b+c}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Thiết lập các BĐT tương tự:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}\ge\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c};\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}\ge\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\ge2\)
Dấu "=" không xảy ra nên ta có ĐPCM
Lưu ý: lần sau đăng từng bài 1 thôi nhé !
1) Áp dụng liên tiếp bđt \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) với a;b là 2 số dương ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}}{4}\)\(\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}}{16}\)
TT: \(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}}{16}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}}{16}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}.\left(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(1.\) Gỉa sử : \(\sqrt{25-16}< \sqrt{25}-\sqrt{16}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3< 1\) ( Vô lý )
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{25-16}>\sqrt{25}-\sqrt{16}\)
\(2.\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}< \sqrt{a-b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2< a-b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-2\sqrt{ab}+b< a-b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2b-2\sqrt{ab}< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(b-\sqrt{ab}\right)< 0\)
Ta có :\(a>b\Leftrightarrow ab>b^2\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ab}>b\)
\(\RightarrowĐpcm.\)
\(2a.\) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy , ta có :
\(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\left(a;b\ge0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\)
\(b.\) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho các số dương , ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\left(x,y>0\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}\left(y,z>0\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xz}}\left(x,z>0\right)\left(3\right)\)
Cộng từng vế của ( 1 ; 2 ; 3 ) , ta được :
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\)
\(3a.\sqrt{x-4}=a\left(a\in R\right)\left(x\ge4;a\ge0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-4=a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=a^2+4\left(TM\right)\)
\(3b.\sqrt{x+4}=x+2\left(x\ge-2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+4=x^2+4x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(TM\right)\\x=-3\left(KTM\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
KL....
Lời giải:
Từ \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\)
Khi đó:
\((\sqrt{a+c}+\sqrt{b+c})^2=a+c+b+c+2\sqrt{(a+c)(b+c)}\)
\(=a+b+2c+2\sqrt{ab+ac+bc+c^2}=a+b+2c+2\sqrt{c^2}\)
\(=a+b+2c+2|c|\)
Vì $a,b$ dương nên \(\frac{-1}{c}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}>0\Rightarrow c< 0\Rightarrow 2|c|=-2c\)
Do đó:
\((\sqrt{a+c}+\sqrt{b+c})^2=a+b+2c+2|c|=a+b+2c+(-2c)=a+b\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{a+c}+\sqrt{b+c}=\sqrt{a+b}\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{ab+ac+bc}{abc}=0\Leftrightarrow ab+ac+bc=0\)
Vì a,b>0\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}>0\)
Mà \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\)
Suy ra \(\dfrac{1}{c}< 0\Leftrightarrow c< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c+\left|c\right|=0\Leftrightarrow c+\sqrt{c^2}=0\Leftrightarrow c+\sqrt{ab+ac+bc+c^2}=0\)(vì ab+ac+bc=0)\(\Leftrightarrow c+\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)}=0\Leftrightarrow c+\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}=0\Leftrightarrow2c+2\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}=0\Leftrightarrow a+b=a+b+2c+2\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}\Leftrightarrow a+b=\left(b+c\right)+2\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\left(a+c\right)\Leftrightarrow a+b=\left(\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{a+c}\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a+b}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{a+c}\right)^2}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a+b}=\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{a+c}\)
Chắc đề bị nhầm rồi.
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{c+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{a+1}}\ge2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{3+b}+\dfrac{b}{3+c}+\dfrac{c}{3+a}\right)\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge2\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{9}{9+\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}=2\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{9}{12}=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(T=\dfrac{a+b}{\sqrt{ab+c}}+\dfrac{b+c}{\sqrt{bc+a}}+\dfrac{c+a}{\sqrt{ca+b}}\)
\(\odot\) Ta có: \(\dfrac{a+b}{\sqrt{ab+c}}=\dfrac{a+b}{\sqrt{ab+c\left(a+b+c\right)}}=\dfrac{a+b}{\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
\(\odot\) Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b+c}{\sqrt{bc+a}}=\dfrac{b+c}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{c+a}{\sqrt{ca+b}}=\dfrac{c+a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\odot\) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM
\(\Rightarrow T=\dfrac{a+b}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b+c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}+\dfrac{a+c}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a+b}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\times\dfrac{b+c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\times\dfrac{a+c}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}}\)
\(=3\)
\(\odot\) Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Qui đồng thôi :|
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}+2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+b}\)
Thay \(b=\dfrac{a+c}{2}\) vào cái mẫu:
\(M=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{bc}+2\sqrt{ca}+a+c\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+a\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(c+\sqrt{ac}+2\sqrt{bc}\right)\)( nhóm tách sao cho xuất hiện tử)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}+2\sqrt{b}\right)\)
------->
\(\sqrt{a+b}=\sqrt{a+c}+\sqrt{b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=a+c+b+c+2\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2c+2\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c+\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c< 0\\-c=\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c< 0\\c^2=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c< 0\\ab+bc+ac=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\left(đúng\right)\)
Từ 1a+1b+1c=0⇒ab+bc+ac=01a+1b+1c=0⇒ab+bc+ac=0
Khi đó:
(√a+c+√b+c)2=a+c+b+c+2√(a+c)(b+c)(a+c+b+c)2=a+c+b+c+2(a+c)(b+c)
=a+b+2c+2√ab+ac+bc+c2=a+b+2c+2√c2=a+b+2c+2ab+ac+bc+c2=a+b+2c+2c2
=a+b+2c+2|c|=a+b+2c+2|c|
Vì a,ba,b dương nên −1c=1a+1b>0⇒c<0⇒2|c|=−2c−1c=1a+1b>0⇒c<0⇒2|c|=−2c
Do đó:
(√a+c+√b+c)2=a+b+2c+2|c|=a+b+2c+(−2c)=a+b(a+c+b+c)2=a+b+2c+2|c|=a+b+2c+(−2c)=a+b
⇒√a+c+√b+c=√a+b