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a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,8}{6}\) => Al hết, HCl dư
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2-->0,6---->0,2----->0,3
=> VH2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (l)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,8-0,6\right).36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mchất tan = 26,7 + 7,3 = 34 (g)
c) mdd sau pư = 5,4 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 204,8 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{204,8}.100\%=13,04\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7,3}{204,8}.100\%=3,56\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,2 0,3
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72L\\ m_{AlCl_3}=133,5.0,2=26,7g\\ m_{\text{dd}}=5,4+200-\left(0,3.2\right)=204,8g\\ C\%=\dfrac{26,7}{204,8}.100\%=13\%\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,15 ( mol )
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5.100}{14,6}=75g\)
\(m_{ddspứ}=2,7+75-0,15.2=77,4g\)
\(C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{77,4}.100=17,24\%\)
\(C\%_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,15.2}{77,4}.100=0,38\%\)
1.
nAl=\(\dfrac{5,4}{27}\)=0,2 mol
mHCl=\(\dfrac{175.14,6}{100}\)=25,55g
nHCl=\(\dfrac{25,55}{36,5}\)=0,7
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2↑
n trước pứ 0,2 0,7
n pứ 0,2 →0,6 → 0,2 → 0,3 mol
n sau pứ hết dư 0,1
Sau pứ HCl dư.
mHCl (dư)= 36,5.0,1=3,65g
mcác chất sau pư= 5,4 +175 - 0,3.2= 179,8g
mAlCl3= 133,5.0,2=26,7g
C%ddHCl (dư)= \(\dfrac{3,65.100}{179,8}=2,03%\)%
C%ddAlCl3 = \(\dfrac{26,7.100}{179,8}\)= 14,85%
2.
200ml= 0,2l
mMg= \(\dfrac{4,2}{24}=0,175mol\)
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2↑
0,175→ 0,35 → 0,175→0,175 mol
a) VH2= 0,175.22,4=3,92l.
b)C%dHCl= \(\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\)M
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6.5}{65}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{100\cdot14.6\%}{36.5}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(1........2\)
\(0.1......0.4\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.1}{1}< \dfrac{0.4}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.1\cdot22.4=2.24\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=6.5+100-0.1\cdot2=106.3\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%ZnCl_2=\dfrac{0.1\cdot136}{106.3}\cdot100\%=12.79\%\)
\(C\%HCl\left(dư\right)=\dfrac{\left(0.4-0.2\right)\cdot36.5}{106.3}\cdot100\%=6.87\%\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{65}{65}=1mol\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
1 < 0,8 ( mol )
0,4 0,8 0,4 0,4 ( mol )
\(m_{ddspứ}=200+65-0,4.2=264,2g\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,4.136}{264,2}.100=14,93\%\\C\%_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,4.2}{264,2}.100=0,3\%\\C\%_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(1-0,4\right).65}{264,2}.100=14,76\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
nAl=0,2(mol)
mHCl=500.10%=50(g) => nHCl=50/36,5=100/73(mol)
PTHH: 2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
Vì: 0,2/2 < 100/73:6
=> Al hết, HCl dư, tính theo nAl
a) nH2=3/2. 0,2=0,3(mol) => V(H2,đktc)=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)
b) mHCl(tham gia p.ứ)= 6/2. 0,2 . 36,5= 21,9(g)
c) mddsau= 5,4+500-0,3.2=504,8(g)
mAlCl3=0,2. 133,5= 26,7(g)
mHCl(DƯ)= 50 -21,9=28,1(g)
C%ddAlCl3= (26,7/504,8).100=5,289%
C%ddHCl(dư)= (28,1/504,8).100=5,567%
Câu 1:
CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O
\(n_{CuO}=\frac{3,2}{80}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=200\times9,8\%=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuO}=n_{H_2SO_4}\)
Theo bài: \(n_{CuO}=\frac{1}{5}n_{H_2SO_4}\)
Vì \(\frac{1}{5}< 1\) ⇒ H2SO4 dư
Dung dịch sau pư gồm: H2SO4 dư và CuSO4
Ta có: \(m_{dd}saupư=3,2+200=203,2\left(g\right)\)
Theo Pt: \(n_{H_2SO_4}pư=n_{CuO}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}dư=0,2-0,04=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}dư=0,16\times98=15,68\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}dư=\frac{15,68}{203,2}\times100\%=7,72\%\)
Theo Pt: \(n_{CuSO_4}=n_{CuO}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuSO_4}=0,04\times160=6,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CuSO_4}=\frac{6,4}{203,2}\times100\%=3,15\%\)
Câu 2:
ZnO + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2O
\(n_{ZnO}=\frac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=200\times24,5\%=49\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Theo Pt: \(n_{ZnO}=n_{H_2SO_4}\)
Theo bài: \(n_{ZnO}=\frac{1}{5}n_{H_2SO_4}\)
Vì \(\frac{1}{5}< 1\) ⇒ H2SO4 dư
Dung dịch sau pư gồm: H2SO4 dư và ZnSO4
Ta có: \(m_{dd}saupư=8,1+200=208,1\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}pư=n_{ZnO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}dư=0,5-0,1=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\times98=39,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{39,2}{208,1}\times100\%=18,84\%\)
Theo pT: \(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{ZnO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4}=0,1\times161=16,1\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\frac{16,1}{208,1}\times100\%=7,74\%\)
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=100.14,6\%=14,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 6,5 + 100 - 0,1.2 = 106,3 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.136}{106,3}.100\%\approx12,79\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{106,3}.100\%\approx6,87\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot39.2\%}{98}=0.8\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
Lập tỉ lệ :
\(\dfrac{0.2}{2}< \dfrac{0.8}{3}\) => H2SO4 dư
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot0.2=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=5.4+200-0.3\cdot2=204.8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0.1\cdot342=34.2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{34.2}{204.8}\cdot100\%=16.7\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{500.14,6\%}{36,5}=2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{2}{6}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=3n_{Al}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ nHCl (dư) = 2 - 0,6 = 1,4 (mol)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 5,4 + 500 - 0,3.2 = 504,8 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{1,4.36,5}{504,8}.100\%\approx10,12\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{504,8}.100\%\approx5,29\%\end{matrix}\right.\)