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a, \(\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{48}-2\sqrt{75}-\dfrac{\sqrt{33}}{\sqrt{11}}+5\sqrt{1\dfrac{1}{3}}\)
= \(2\sqrt{3}-10\sqrt{3}-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\cdot\sqrt{11}}{\sqrt{11}}+5\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{3}}\)
= \(2\sqrt{3}-10\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}+5\sqrt{\dfrac{12}{3^2}}\)
= \(2\sqrt{3}-10\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}+5\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
= \(2\sqrt{3}-10\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{10\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
= \(-9\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{10\sqrt{3}}{3}=\dfrac{-27\sqrt{3}}{3}+\dfrac{10\sqrt{3}}{3}=\dfrac{-17\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
b, \(\sqrt{150}+\sqrt{1,6}\cdot\sqrt{60}+4.5\sqrt{2\dfrac{2}{3}}-\sqrt{6}\)
= \(5\sqrt{6}+\dfrac{2\sqrt{10}}{5}\cdot2\sqrt{15}+4,5\sqrt{\dfrac{8}{3}}-\sqrt{6}\)
= \(5\sqrt{6}+4\sqrt{6}+4,5\sqrt{\dfrac{24}{3^2}}-\sqrt{6}\)
= \(5\sqrt{6}+4\sqrt{6}+4,5\cdot\dfrac{2\sqrt{6}}{3}-\sqrt{6}\)
= \(5\sqrt{6}+4\sqrt{6}+3\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{6}=11\sqrt{6}\)
c, \(\left(\sqrt{28}-2\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{7}\right)\cdot\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{84}\)
= \(\left(2\sqrt{7}-2\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{7}\right)\cdot\sqrt{7}+2\sqrt{21}\)
= \(\left(3\sqrt{7}-2\sqrt{3}\right)\cdot\sqrt{7}+2\sqrt{21}\)
= \(21-2\sqrt{21}+2\sqrt{21}=21\)
d, \(\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}\right)^2-\sqrt{120}\)
= \(6+2\sqrt{30}+5-2\sqrt{30}=11\)
TRẢ LỜI :
\(=\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{5}=3\sqrt{5}\)
c) √20 - √45 + 3√18 + √72
= √4.5 - √9.5 + 3√9.2 + √36.2
= 2√5 - 3√5 + 9√2 + 6√2
= -√5 + 15√2
\(\frac{5}{\sqrt{10}}=\frac{5\sqrt{10}}{10}=\frac{\sqrt{10}}{2}\)
\(\frac{5}{2\sqrt{5}}=\frac{10\sqrt{5}}{20}=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3\sqrt{20}}=\frac{3\sqrt{20}}{180}=\frac{\sqrt{20}}{60}=\frac{2\sqrt{5}}{60}=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{30}\)
\(\frac{2\sqrt{2}+2}{5\sqrt{2}}=\frac{10\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}{50}=\frac{20+10\sqrt{2}}{50}=\frac{10\left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)}{50}=\frac{2+\sqrt{2}}{5}\)
\(\frac{y+b\sqrt{y}}{b\sqrt{y}}=\frac{y\left(\sqrt{y}+b\right)}{by}=\frac{\sqrt{y}+b}{b}\)
+ Ta có:
5√10=5.√10√10.√10=5√10(√10)2=5√1010510=5.1010.10=510(10)2=51010
=5.√105.2=5.105.2=√102=102.
+ Ta có:
52√5=5.√52√5.√5=5√52.(√5.√5)=5√52(√5)2525=5.525.5=552.(5.5)=552(5)2
=5√52.5=√52=552.5=52.
+ Ta có:
13√20=1.√203√20.√20=√203.(√20.√20)=√203.(√20)21320=1.20320.20=203.(20.20)=203.(20)2
=√203.20=√22.560=2√560=2√52.30=√530=203.20=22.560=2560=252.30=530.
+ Ta có:
(2√2+2)5.√2=(2√2+2).√25√2.√2=2√2.√2+2.√25.(√2)2(22+2)5.2=(22+2).252.2=22.2+2.25.(2)2
=2.2+2√25.2=2(2+√2)5.2=2+√25=2.2+225.2=2(2+2)5.2=2+25.
+ Ta có:
y+b√yb√y=(y+b√y).√yb√y.√y=y√y+b√y.√yb.(√y)2y+byby=(y+by).yby.y=yy+by.yb.(y)2
=y√y+b(√y)2by=y√y+byby=yy+b(y)2by=yy+byby
=y(√y+b)b.y=√y+bb=y(y+b)b.y=y+bb.
Cách khác:
y+b√yb√y=(√y)2+b√yb√yy+byby=(y)2+byby=√y(√y+b)b√y=√y+bb
Nguồn : Bài 50 trang 30 SGK Toán 9 tập 1 - loigiaihay.com
#Ye Chi-Lien
\(\dfrac{2+\sqrt{2}}{1+\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{\left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}{2-1}=2\sqrt{2}-2+2-\sqrt{2}=\sqrt{2}\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{15}-\sqrt{5}}{1-\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{1-\sqrt{3}}=-\sqrt{5}\)
\(\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{8}-2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}{2\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{a-\sqrt{a}}{1-\sqrt{a}}=\dfrac{\left(a-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{a}\right)}{1-a}=\dfrac{a+a\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{a}-a}{1-a}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(a-1\right)}{1-a}=-\sqrt{a}\)
\(\dfrac{p-2\sqrt{p}}{\sqrt{p}-2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{p}\left(\sqrt{p}-2\right)}{\sqrt{p}-2}=\sqrt{p}\)
a) a) Biến đổi vế trái thành 32√6+23√6−42√6326+236−426 và làm tiếp.
b) Biến đổi vế trái thành (√6x+13√6x+√6x):√6x(6x+136x+6x):6x và làm tiếp
+ Ta có:
2√6−√5=2(√6+√5)(√6−√5)(√6+√5)26−5=2(6+5)(6−5)(6+5)
=2(√6+√5)(√6)2−(√5)2=2(√6+√5)6−5=2(6+5)(6)2−(5)2=2(6+5)6−5
=2(√6+√5)1=2(√6+√5)=2(6+5)1=2(6+5).
+ Ta có:
3√10+√7=3(√10−√7)(√10+√7)(√10−√7)310+7=3(10−7)(10+7)(10−7)
=3(√10−√7)(√10)2−(√7)2=3(10−7)(10)2−(7)2=3(√10−√7)10−7=3(10−7)10−7
=3(√10−√7)3=√10−√7=3(10−7)3=10−7.
+ Ta có:
1√x−√y=1.(√x+√y)(√x−√y)(√x+√y)1x−y=1.(x+y)(x−y)(x+y)
=√x+√y(√x)2−(√y)2=√x+√yx−y=x+y(x)2−(y)2=x+yx−y
+ Ta có:
2ab√a−√b=2ab(√a+√b)(√a−√b)(√a+√b)2aba−b=2ab(a+b)(a−b)(a+b)
=2ab(√a+√b)(√a)2−(√b)2=2ab(√a+√b)a−b=2ab(a+b)(a)2−(b)2=2ab(a+b)a−b.
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}}=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}\right)\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}\right)}=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}\right)}{6-5}=2\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}\right)\)
\(\frac{3}{\sqrt{10}+\sqrt{7}}=\frac{3\left(\sqrt{10}-\sqrt{7}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{10}-\sqrt{7}\right)\left(\sqrt{10}+\sqrt{7}\right)}=\frac{3\left(\sqrt{10}-\sqrt{7}\right)}{10-7}=\sqrt{10}-\sqrt{7}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}=\frac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}{x-y}\)
\(\frac{2ab}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}=\frac{2ab\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{a-b}\)
\(1.A=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{48}-2\sqrt{75}-\dfrac{\sqrt{33}}{\sqrt{11}}+5\sqrt{1\dfrac{1}{3}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}.144}-2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}.225}-\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}.9}+5\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{3}}=6\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}}-30\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}}-3\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}}+10\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}}=-17\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}}\) \(2.B=\left(2\sqrt{27}-3\sqrt{48}+3\sqrt{75}-\sqrt{192}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{3}\right)=\left(6\sqrt{3}-12\sqrt{3}+15\sqrt{3}-8\sqrt{3}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{3}\right)=\sqrt{3}\left(1-\sqrt{3}\right)=\sqrt{3}-3\) \(3.C=\left(2\sqrt{7}-2\sqrt{6}\right).\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{168}=2\sqrt{42}-12-2\sqrt{42}=-12\) \(4.D=\left(\sqrt{28}-2\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{7}\right).\sqrt{7}+4\sqrt{14}=\left(3\sqrt{7}-4\sqrt{2}\right)\sqrt{7}=21-4\sqrt{14}+4\sqrt{14}=21\)
a) VT=\left(\dfrac{2 \sqrt{3}-\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{8}-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{216}}{3}\right) \cdot \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}}VT=(8−223−6−3216)⋅61
=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{3}-\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{2^{2} \cdot 2}-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{6^{2} .6}}{3}\right) \cdot \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}}=(22⋅2−22⋅2⋅3−6−362.6)⋅61
=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{6}-\sqrt{6}}{2 \sqrt{2}-2}-\dfrac{6 . \sqrt{6}}{3}\right) \cdot \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}}=(22−22⋅6−6−36.6)⋅61
=\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{6}(\sqrt{2}-1)}{2(\sqrt{2}-1)}-\dfrac{6 \sqrt{6}}{3}\right] \cdot \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}}=[2(2−1)6(2−1)−366]⋅61
=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2}-2 \sqrt{6}\right) \cdot \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}}=(26−26)⋅61
=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2}-\dfrac{4 \sqrt{6}}{2}\right) \cdot \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}}=(26−246)⋅61
=\left(\dfrac{-3}{2} \sqrt{6}\right) \cdot \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}}=(2−36)⋅61
=-\dfrac{3}{2}=-1,5=V P=−23=−1,5=VP.
b) VT=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{14}-\sqrt{7}}{1-\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{15}-\sqrt{5}}{1-\sqrt{3}}\right): \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}}VT=(1−214−7+1−315−5):7−51
=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{7} \cdot \sqrt{2}-\sqrt{7}}{1-\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5} \cdot \sqrt{3}-\sqrt{5}}{1-\sqrt{3}}\right): \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}}=(1−27⋅2−7+1−35⋅3−5):7−51
=\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{7}(\sqrt{2}-1)}{1-\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}(\sqrt{3}-1)}{1-\sqrt{3}}\right]: \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}}=[1−27(2−1)+1−35(3−1)]:7−51
=(-\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5})(\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5})=(−7−5)(7−5)
=-(\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{5})(\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5})=−(7+5)(7−5)
=-(7-5)=-2=VP=−(7−5)=−2=VP.
c) V T=\dfrac{a \sqrt{b}+b \sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a b}}: \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}VT=abab+ba:a−b1
=\dfrac{\sqrt{a} \cdot \sqrt{a} \cdot \sqrt{b}+\sqrt{b} \cdot \sqrt{b} \cdot \sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a b}}: \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}=aba⋅a⋅b+b⋅b⋅a:a−b1
=\dfrac{\sqrt{a} \cdot \sqrt{a b}+\sqrt{b} \cdot \sqrt{a b}}{\sqrt{a b}}: \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}=aba⋅ab+b⋅ab:a−b1
=\dfrac{\sqrt{a b}(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b})}{\sqrt{a b}} \cdot(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b})=abab(a+b)⋅(a−b)
=(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}) \cdot(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b})=(a+b)⋅(a−b)
=a-b=V P=a−b=VP.
d) VT=\left(1+\dfrac{a+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}+1}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{a-\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)VT=(1+a+1a+a)(1−a−1a−a)
=\left(1+\dfrac{\sqrt{a} \cdot \sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}+1}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{\sqrt{a} \cdot \sqrt{a}-\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)=(1+a+1a⋅a+a)(1−a−1a⋅a−a)
=\left[1+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}(\sqrt{a}+1)}{\sqrt{a}+1}\right]\left[1-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}(\sqrt{a}-1)}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right]=[1+a+1a(a+1)][1−a−1a(a−1)]
=(1+\sqrt{a})(1-\sqrt{a})=(1+a)(1−a)
=1-(\sqrt{a})^{2}=1-a=V P=1−(a)2=1−a=VP
LG a
12√48−2√75−√33√11+5√1131248−275−3311+5113;
Phương pháp giải:
+ Cách đổi hỗn số ra phân số: abc=a.c+bcabc=a.c+bc.
+ Sử dụng quy tắc đưa thừa số ra ngoài dấu căn:
√A2.B=A√BA2.B=AB, nếu A≥0, B≥0A≥0, B≥0.
√A2.B=−A√BA2.B=−AB, nếu A<0, B≥0A<0, B≥0.
+ √ab=√a√bab=ab, với a≥0, b>0a≥0, b>0.
+ √a.√b=√aba.b=ab, với a, b≥0a, b≥0.
+ A√B=A√BBAB=ABB, với B>0B>0.
Lời giải chi tiết:
Ta có:
12√48−2√75−√33√11+5√1131248−275−3311+5113
=12√16.3−2√25.3−√3.11√11+5√1.3+13=1216.3−225.3−3.1111+51.3+13
=12√42.3−2√52.3−√3.√11√11+5√43=1242.3−252.3−3.1111+543
=12.4√3−2.5√3−√3+5√4√3=12.43−2.53−3+543
=42√3−10√3−√3+5√4.√3√3.√3=423−103−3+54.33.3
=2√3−10√3−√3+52√33=23−103−3+5233
=2√3−10√3−√3+10√33=23−103−3+1033
=(2−10−1+103)√3=(2−10−1+103)3
=−173√3=−1733.
LG b
√150+√1,6.√60+4,5.√223−√6;150+1,6.60+4,5.223−6;
Phương pháp giải:
+ Cách đổi hỗn số ra phân số: abc=a.c+bcabc=a.c+bc.
+ Sử dụng quy tắc đưa thừa số ra ngoài dấu căn:
√A2.B=A√BA2.B=AB, nếu A≥0, B≥0A≥0, B≥0.
√A2.B=−A√BA2.B=−AB, nếu A<0, B≥0A<0, B≥0.
+ √ab=√a√bab=ab, với a≥0, b>0a≥0, b>0.
+ √a.√b=√aba.b=ab, với a, b≥0a, b≥0.
+ A√B=A√BBAB=ABB, với B>0B>0.
Lời giải chi tiết:
Ta có:
√150+√1,6.√60+4,5.√223−√6150+1,6.60+4,5.223−6
=√25.6+√1,6.60+4,5.√2.3+23−√6=25.6+1,6.60+4,5.2.3+23−6
=√52.6+√1,6.(6.10)+4,5√83−√6=52.6+1,6.(6.10)+4,583−6
=5√6+√(1,6.10).6+4,5√8√3−√6=56+(1,6.10).6+4,583−6
=5√6+√16.6+4,5√8.√33−√6=56+16.6+4,58.33−6
=5√6+√42.6+4,5√8.33−√6=56+42.6+4,58.33−6
=5√6+4√6+4,5.√4.2.33−√6=56+46+4,5.4.2.33−6
=5√6+4√6+4,5.√22.63−√6=56+46+4,5.22.63−6
=5√6+4√6+4,5.2√63−√6=56+46+4,5.263−6
=5√6+4√6+9√63−√6=56+46+963−6
=5√6+4√6+3√6−√6=56+46+36−6
=(5+4+3−1)√6=11√6.=(5+4+3−1)6=116.
Cách 2: Ta biến đổi từng hạng tử rồi thay vào biểu thức ban đầu:
+ √150=√25.6=5√6150=25.6=56
+ √1,6.60=√1,6.(10.6)=√(1,6.10).6=√16.61,6.60=1,6.(10.6)=(1,6.10).6=16.6
=4√6=46
+ 4,5.√223=4,5.√2.3+23=4,5.√83=4,5√8.334,5.223=4,5.2.3+23=4,5.83=4,58.33
=4,5.√4.2.33=4,5.2.√63=9.√63=3√6.=4,5.4.2.33=4,5.2.63=9.63=36.
Do đó:
√150+√1,6.√60+4,5.√223−√6150+1,6.60+4,5.223−6
=5√6+4√6+3√6−√6=56+46+36−6
=(5+4+3−1)√6=11√6=(5+4+3−1)6=116
LG c
(√28−2√3+√7)√7+√84;(28−23+7)7+84;
Phương pháp giải:
+ Cách đổi hỗn số ra phân số: abc=a.c+bcabc=a.c+bc.
+ Hằng đẳng thức số 1: (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2.
+ Sử dụng quy tắc đưa thừa số ra ngoài dấu căn:
√A2.B=A√BA2.B=AB, nếu A≥0, B≥0A≥0, B≥0.
√A2.B=−A√BA2.B=−AB, nếu A<0, B≥0A<0, B≥0.
+ √ab=√a√bab=ab, với a≥0, b>0a≥0, b>0.
+ √a.√b=√aba.b=ab, với a, b≥0a, b≥0.
+ A√B=A√BBAB=ABB, với B>0B>0.
Lời giải chi tiết:
Ta có:
=(√28−2√3+√7)√7+√84=(28−23+7)7+84
=(√4.7−2√3+√7)√7+√4.21=(4.7−23+7)7+4.21
=(√22.7−2√3+√7)√7+√22.21=(22.7−23+7)7+22.21
=(2√7−2√3+√7)√7+2√21=(27−23+7)7+221
=2√7.√7−2√3.√7+√7.√7+2√21=27.7−23.7+7.7+221
=2.(√7)2−2√3.7+(√7)2+2√21=2.(7)2−23.7+(7)2+221
=2.7−2√21+7+2√21=2.7−221+7+221
=14−2√21+7+2√21=14−221+7+221
=14+7=21=14+7=21.
LG d
(√6+√5)2−√120.(6+5)2−120.
Phương pháp giải:
+ Cách đổi hỗn số ra phân số: abc=a.c+bcabc=a.c+bc.
+ Hằng đẳng thức số 1: (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2.
+ Sử dụng quy tắc đưa thừa số ra ngoài dấu căn:
√A2.B=A√BA2.B=AB, nếu A≥0, B≥0A≥0, B≥0.
√A2.B=−A√BA2.B=−AB, nếu A<0, B≥0A<0, B≥0.
+ √a.√b=√aba.b=ab, với a, b≥0a, b≥0.
Lời giải chi tiết:
Ta có:
(√6+√5)2−√120(6+5)2−120
=(√6)2+2.√6.√5+(√5)2−√4.30=(6)2+2.6.5+(5)2−4.30
=6+2√6.5+5−2√30=6+26.5+5−230
=6+2√30+5−2√30=6+5=11.=6+230+5−230=6+5=11.
-17√3/3 b) 11√6
c) 21 d) 11 C4: