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3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)
Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki:
\(\left(1^2+4^2\right)\left(a^2+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)\ge\left(1.a+4.\frac{1}{b}\right)^2\)\(\Rightarrow a^2+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge\frac{1}{17}\left(a+\frac{4}{b}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+\frac{1}{b^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(a+\frac{4}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự, ta có: \(\sqrt{b^2+\frac{1}{c^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(b+\frac{4}{c}\right)\)
và \(\sqrt{c^2+\frac{1}{a^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(c+\frac{4}{a}\right)\)
Cộng từng vế của các BĐT trên, ta được:
\(P\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(a+b+c+\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\right)\)\(\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(a+b+c+\frac{36}{a+b+c}\right)\)(svac - xơ)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left[\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{9}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{135}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}\right]\ge\frac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}\)
Vậy \(P=\sqrt{a^2+\frac{1}{b^2}}\)\(+\sqrt{b^2+\frac{1}{c^2}}\)\(+\sqrt{c^2+\frac{1}{a^2}}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}\)
(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\))
Bài em làm ok rồi nhưng mà dấu bằng xảy ra bị sai. Em kiểm tra lại!๖²⁴ʱČøøℓ ɮøү 2к⁷༉
Câu 2)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+1+a+1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
Ta có \(a+b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{\left(a+1\right)b+a+1}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{ab+b+a+1}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
Ta có \(a+b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{ab+2}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\ge4\left(ab+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge4ab+8\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge4ab\)
Do \(a+b=1\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (đpcm )
Câu 3)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge9\)
Mà \(a+b+c=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\\\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\sqrt[3]{abc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9.\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{abc}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\) (điều này luôn luôn đúng)
\(\Rightarrow\) ĐPCM
1.
\(\left(1+a\right)^2=\left(1.1+\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}.\sqrt{ab}\right)^2\le\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+ab\right)=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)^2}\ge\frac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\)
\(\left(1+b\right)^2\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)}{a}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\left(1+b\right)^2}\ge\frac{a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(1+b\right)^2}\ge\frac{a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)}+\frac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)}=\frac{1}{1+ab}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)
2.
\(P=\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{a^4+3}}+\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{b^4+3}}\le\sqrt{2\left(\frac{a^2}{a^4+3}+\frac{b^2}{b^4+3}\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left(a^2;b^2\right)=\left(x;y\right)\Rightarrow xy=1\)
\(Q=\frac{x}{x^2+3}+\frac{y}{y^2+3}=\frac{x}{x^2+3}+\frac{x}{3x^2+1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\)
\(Q=\frac{-\left(x-1\right)^2\left(3x^2-2x+3\right)}{2\left(x^2+3\right)\left(3x^2+1\right)}+\frac{1}{2}\le\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\sqrt{2Q}\le1\)
\(P_{max}=1\) khi \(a=b=1\)