Cho biểu thức M = \(\frac{1}{1!}+\frac{1}{2!}+....+\frac{1}{100!}\)
Chứng minh 3! - M > 4
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Câu hỏi của Trần Minh Hưng - Toán lớp | Học trực tuyến
\(C=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}-\frac{4}{3^4}+...+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(3C=1-\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{3^3}+...+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow C+3C=1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4C< 1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}=D\)
Xét \(D=1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(\frac{D}{3}=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}-\frac{1}{3^4}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{1}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow D+\frac{D}{3}=1-\frac{1}{3^{100}}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{4D}{3}< 1\Rightarrow D< \frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow4C< D< \frac{3}{4}\Rightarrow C< \frac{3}{16}\)
\(C=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}+...+\frac{99}{3^{99}}+\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3C=1+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}+...+\frac{99}{3^{98}}+\frac{100}{3^{99}}\)
Trừ dưới cho trên:
\(2C=1+\frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{4}{3^3}-\frac{3}{3^3}+...+\frac{100}{3^{99}}-\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(2C=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
Đặt \(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}=B\Rightarrow2C=B-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(B=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B=3+1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B-3+\frac{1}{3^{99}}=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}=B\)
\(\Rightarrow2B=3-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\Rightarrow B=\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2.3^{99}}< \frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2C=B-\frac{100}{3^{100}}< B< \frac{3}{2}\Rightarrow C< \frac{3}{4}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a^3-1}{\left(a+1\right)^3+1}=\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}{\left(a+1+1\right)\left(\left(a+1\right)^2-\left(a+1\right)+1\right)}=\frac{a-1}{a+2}\)
\(M=\frac{100^3-1}{2^3+1}.\frac{2^3-1}{3^3+1}.\frac{3^3-1}{4^3+1}...\frac{99^3-1}{100^3+1}\)
\(M=\frac{999999}{9}.\frac{1}{4}.\frac{2}{5}.\frac{3}{6}...\frac{98}{101}=\frac{999999.1.2.3}{9.99.100.101}\)
\(M=\frac{10101.2}{3.100.101}=\frac{20202}{30300}>\frac{20200}{30300}=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(M=\frac{1}{5}+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^3+...+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{49}+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{50}\)
\(5M=1+\frac{1}{5}+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^2+...+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{48}+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{49}\)
5M - M = \(1-\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{50}\)hay 4M = \(1-\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{50}\)< 1
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1-\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{50}}{4}< \frac{1}{4}\)
\(M=\frac{1}{5}+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^2+...+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{50}\)(1)
\(\Rightarrow5M=1+\frac{1}{5}+...+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{49}\)(2)
Lấy (2)-(1) ta có
\(\Rightarrow4M=1-\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1-\frac{1}{5^{50}}}{4}\)
Do \(1-\frac{1}{5^{50}}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow M< \frac{1}{4}\)