Cho: \(\dfrac{a}{b-c}+\dfrac{b}{c-a}+\dfrac{c}{a-b}=0\). Chứng minh: \(\dfrac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=0\) trong đó a, b, c đôi 1 khác nhau và khác 0
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Ta có:
\(\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)\left(\dfrac{c}{a-b}+\dfrac{a}{b-c}+\dfrac{b}{c-a}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)+\dfrac{a}{b-c}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)+\dfrac{b}{c-a}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)\)
Xét:
\(\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left[\dfrac{b\left(b-c\right)+a\left(c-a\right)}{ab}\right]=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left(\dfrac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left[\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)-c\left(b-a\right)}{ab}\right]=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}.\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{ab}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{c\left(a+b-c\right)}{ab}=1-\dfrac{c.\left(-2c\right)}{ab}=1+\dfrac{2c^2}{ab}\) (do \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c\))
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{a}{b-c}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)=1+\dfrac{2a^2}{bc}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{c-a}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)=1+\dfrac{2b^2}{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=3+2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\right)=3+\dfrac{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}\)
Mặt khác ta có đằng thức quen thuộc:
Khi \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow P=3+\dfrac{2.3abc}{abc}=9\)
`VT = (b-c)/((a-b)(a-c)) + (c-a)/((b-c)(b-a)) +(a-b)/((c-a)(c-b)) = 2/(a-b) + 2/(b-c) + 2/(c-a)`
`=-((a-b-a+c)/((a-b)(a-c))+(b-c-b+a)/((b-c)(b-a))+(c-a-c+b)/((c-a)(c-b)))`
`=-((a-b)/((a-b)(a-c))-(a-c)/((a-b)(a-c))+(b-c)/((b-c)(b-a))-(b-a)/((b-c)(b-a))+(c-a)/((c-a)(c-b))-(c-b)/((c-a)(c-b)))`
`= 1/(c-a)+1/(a-b)+1/(a-b)+1/(b-c)+1/(b-c)+1/(c-a)`
`=2/(a-b)+2/(b-c)+2/(c-a)=VP(đpcm)`
Bài này trong đề nào đó mới đây:
Đặt \(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=x;\dfrac{b+c}{b-c}=y;\dfrac{c+a}{c-a}=z\).
Ta có: \(2P=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=3+x^2+y^2+z^2=3+\left(x+y+z\right)^2-2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\),
Mặt khác dễ dàng chứng minh được: \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=-1\).
Từ đó \(2P=\left(x+y+z\right)^2+5\ge5\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{5}{2}\).
Bài này là bất đẳng thức nên mình không tìm điểm rơi.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{b-c}{1\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\dfrac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{c-b}{1\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\dfrac{a-c}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{b-a}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
Quy đồng rút gọn ta được
\(=\dfrac{2\left(ab+bc+ca-a^2-b^2-c^2\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left[\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{1}{a-b}+\dfrac{1}{b-c}+\dfrac{1}{c-a}\right)\)
PS: Hôm qua đi chơi nên nay mới giải nhé.
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=x\\b-c=y\\c-a=z\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-2\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\right)}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2\cdot0}{xyz}}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right|\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đặt \(x=\dfrac{1}{a},y=\dfrac{1}{b},z=\dfrac{1}{c}\) khi đó thu được \(xyz=1\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}}=\dfrac{x^2yz}{y+z}=\dfrac{x}{y+z}\)
BĐT cần chứng minh được viết lại thành:\(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{y}{z+x}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{x+y}+1\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{y+z}+\dfrac{1}{z+x}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)
Đánh giá cuối cùng đúng theo BĐT Cauchy
Vậy BĐT được chứng minh. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a = b = c = 1.