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Ta có:
\(\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)\left(\dfrac{c}{a-b}+\dfrac{a}{b-c}+\dfrac{b}{c-a}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)+\dfrac{a}{b-c}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)+\dfrac{b}{c-a}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)\)
Xét:
\(\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left[\dfrac{b\left(b-c\right)+a\left(c-a\right)}{ab}\right]=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left(\dfrac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left[\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)-c\left(b-a\right)}{ab}\right]=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}.\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{ab}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{c\left(a+b-c\right)}{ab}=1-\dfrac{c.\left(-2c\right)}{ab}=1+\dfrac{2c^2}{ab}\) (do \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c\))
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{a}{b-c}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)=1+\dfrac{2a^2}{bc}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{c-a}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)=1+\dfrac{2b^2}{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=3+2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\right)=3+\dfrac{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}\)
Mặt khác ta có đằng thức quen thuộc:
Khi \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow P=3+\dfrac{2.3abc}{abc}=9\)
1.
Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b};\dfrac{b}{b+c};\dfrac{c}{c+a}\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-x=\dfrac{b}{b+a}\\1-y=\dfrac{c}{b+c}\\1-z=\dfrac{a}{a+c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=\dfrac{1}{8}\\ xyz=\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)\\ \Rightarrow xyz=1-\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-xyz\\ \Rightarrow2xyz=1-\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Rightarrow x+y+z=\dfrac{3}{4}+xy+yz+zx\)
\(\RightarrowĐpcm\)
BĐT đã cho tương đương với:
\(\left(\dfrac{a}{b-c}+\dfrac{b}{c-a}+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\right)^2-2\left[\dfrac{ab}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\dfrac{bc}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{ca}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}\right]\ge2\left(\cdot\right)\).
Mặt khác ta có: \(\dfrac{ab}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\dfrac{bc}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{ca}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}=\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)+ca\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=\dfrac{-\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=-1\).
Do đó \(\left(\cdot\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b-c}+\dfrac{b}{c-a}+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng).
BĐT đã cho dc c/m.
Bài này trong đề nào đó mới đây:
Đặt \(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=x;\dfrac{b+c}{b-c}=y;\dfrac{c+a}{c-a}=z\).
Ta có: \(2P=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=3+x^2+y^2+z^2=3+\left(x+y+z\right)^2-2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\),
Mặt khác dễ dàng chứng minh được: \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=-1\).
Từ đó \(2P=\left(x+y+z\right)^2+5\ge5\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{5}{2}\).
Bài này là bất đẳng thức nên mình không tìm điểm rơi.
Trước hết ta có:
\(\dfrac{ab}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\dfrac{ac}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{bc}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)+ca\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)+b^2c-a^2c+ac^2-bc^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(ab-ac-bc+c^2\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left[a\left(b-c\right)-c\left(b-c\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=-1\)
Do đó:
\(\left(\dfrac{a}{b-c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{b}{c-a}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{c}{a-b}\right)^2-2+2\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{b-c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{b}{c-a}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{c}{a-b}\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{ab}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\dfrac{ac}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\dfrac{bc}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\right)+2\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{b-c}+\dfrac{b}{c-a}+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\right)^2+2\ge2\) (đpcm)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=x\\b-c=y\\c-a=z\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-2\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\right)}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2\cdot0}{xyz}}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right|\left(đpcm\right)\)